Research And Simulation Of Hierarchical Routing Algorithm In Wiereless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is infrastructureless networks, which consist of large number of micro-sensor nodes which are deployed in the monitoring area. Sensor nodes have ability of wireless communication and computing, and constitute wireless networks by way of self-organization. WSN are mainly used in militaty reconnaissance, disaster monitoring, forest fire monitoring and remote controlling of some hazardous areas, which has very broad application prospects. Sensor nodes are usually energy-limited, the primary design goal of the sensor networks routing protocol is to reduce energy consumption of nodes, and prolong the system lifetime. Consequently, the traditional wireless routing protocols are not suitable for WSN.At present, aimed at the characteristics of resource-limited and highly correlated with application in WSN, people have designed a lot of WSN routing protocols. This paper analyzes the typical routing protocols, and mainly discusses the typical hierarchical routing protocol-Low-Energy Adaptive Cluster-Based Hierarchy (LEACH). By using excellent ideas of home and broad for reference, intergrative improvements are made on the cluster head selection, cluster formation and inter-cluster communication in view of some shortages of LEACH, and a Hierarchical Routing Algorithm based on Load Balance (LBHRA) is proposed. In LBHRA algorithm, selecting cluster head is based on nodes residual energy, adopting a kind of energy-adaptive cluster head selection algorithm. In the phase of cluster formation, considering the problem of "hot areas" which cluster head exist in th multi-hop communication, when a node chooses its subordinate cluster, it consider the complex distance of nodes to cluster head (CH) and CH to base station (BS), and join the cluster which the complex distance is minimum. This strategy will make the CH which nears BS have less cluster member(CM), reduce energy consumption of intra-cluster, and reserve more energy to use for data forwarding, which can balance the energy consumption of CH. The communication of inter-cluster adopts multi-hop mode, which the next hop routing is chosen based on the network communication cost and the residual energy of CH, to make the network load more balanced. Finally, this paper utilizes NS-2(Network Simulator Version2) to simulate LBHRA algorithm, and simulation results show that LBHRA algorithm makes the network load more balanced, balances energy consumption among the network efficiently, and prolongs network lifetime.