Research And Application Of Routing In Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) is composed of many micro-sensor nodesdeployed in monitoring area. It forms a multi-hop and self-organizing network bywireless communication, aiming at collaborative awareness as well as collecting andprocessing the information of awareness objects in network area and sending it toobservers. As the energy of node is limited without replenishment in WSN, it needs ahigh energy effective routing protocol. At the same time, the node could only acquirelocal topological structure information because of the huge number of nodes. So therouting protocol should choose an appropriate route based on local networkinformation.The DongGuan Union Mechanic College Student Attendance System is the projectbackground of this paper. RFID readers are deployed in classroom, dormitory andschool gate to collect information which contains the location status of students and toprovide the reports for student attendance by RFID tags identification via radiofrequency technology and then forward to central server. The communication betweenRFID readers and central server has three types: cable, wireless and mixed network.Meanwhile, with the increasing number of RFID readers in network area, the effectiveof data communication plays a vital role in the system.After analyzing the model of wireless sensor network, this paper devises acluster-based routing protocol MCRP which based on minimum communication cost.MCRP selects the cluster head with distribution mechanism and balances the cost ofdistance and communication power between member nodes and cluster heads byweighting function in order to form a clustering network with steady topologicalstructure. Multi-hops communication is adopted in inter-clusters. For the purpose ofchoosing the optimal forwarding node, the parameters of weighting function are madeup of saving and residual energy of forwarding cluster head. MCRP sets a thresholdvalue of forwarding packets in order to avoid high data latency caused by frequentlyforwarding. Only when the ratio of saving energy reaches a certain level, the clusterhead would choose the multi-hops communication mechanism.According to the NS2tool, this paper involved simulation experiment with theMCRP. It is indicated that the MCRP lowers the energy consumption effectively andutmost prolongs the network lifetime. Finally, with the combination the current project and the network environment in the future, this paper discuss the application andrationality of MCRP in cable and wireless network respectively.