German University Philosophy Development Research: 1810-1933

Germany is a powerful country in the world because of its education and technology, the fruitful achievement of their higher education is not only famous in the field of education, but also laid a theoretical foundation for national development and prosperity. How did German universities get such a brilliant achievement? Most important is the well-thinking concept.200years ago, in the early19th century, idea of the university of rationalism becomes the dominant idea of the German universities. After the failure of the1806war, the state wanted to make up for the loss of territory and wealth by the way of education. Humboldt, Fichte, Schleiermacher, and other scholars gave their views about how universities should be. Although the view is not exactly the same, but they all hoped that the new university should be in a free academic atmosphere, to cultivate a complete personality, and since the "research" functions added into universities, the university was not only a carrier of continuing human civilization, but also the cradle of knowledge creation. University of Berlin is the best example to practice the idea of universities of this period, university autonomy, academic freedom, combining teaching and research, in pursuit of human rationality, these ideas fully reflected the universities characteristics of the period.In the latter half of the19th century, with the arrival of the Industrial Revolution, the establishment of the German Empire, the German university in pursuit of pure academic is also changed. The idea of the university of utilitarianism that hope universities involved in the actual life became another force in German universities. Mathematician Klein, first developed the application subject in the University, and he questioned on Humboldt’s idea. Althoff, the minister of education used his right to break the tradition of university autonomy, gave flagrant interference to the internal management of the universities. Weber was the scholar to protect rationalism, he proposed the concept of "value neutral" and "academic as a calling" to against the idea of the university of utilitarianism. University of Gottingen on behalf of this period, it was the first to found subjects about practical industrial technology and vocation.After World War I, defeated Germany wanted to compensate for the loss of substances by the way of education again. The newly formed Weimar Republic added many elements of democracy into Weimar Constitution, the leaders wanted to break the authoritarian, and for the first time put "academic freedom" into the legal concept. For it was so short that it had not enough time to make their own university philosophy, the university maintained the situation before the war. However, there were also some democratic details in the universities, Jews, women, socialists were allowed to enter the universities. Bauhaus was on behalf of this period. Although it was a higher institute of the arts, but the concept of combining the traditional art and practice functions illustrated the idea of the university during Weimar time. It desired to find a balance between rational and utilitarian.The concept of German universities from the19th century to20th century was first dominated by rationalism, then utilitarianism invaded, at last, those two concepts combined. The idea of University changes with the development of social, and also makes contributions for the development of social.