Theory From The Perspective Of Social Risks To Prevent The Perfection Of Chinese Enterprise Trade Union

China’s social structure has undergone dramatic changes since the reform and opening up three decades ago. The demands for own interests from different classes and different groups become more diverse. As a result of the imbalanced distribution of resources among different social members, the identity of labors differs, which includes workers engaged in specific labor work and business owners obtaining profits from management. Differences in wealth and status lead to a serious imbalance in the power between workers and business owners. On one hand, workers tend to protect their legal rights, and on the other hand, business owners try to gain the surplus value from workers at the smallest cost, and then labor-capital conflict comes into being. China is a socialist state led by the working class and the socialism’s essence is the realization of common prosperity. If the continuous labor-management conflicts cannot be vanished in reasonable ways, the realization of common prosperity will fail and the social instability will increase. One-on-one negotiations between individual workers and business owners will no doubt increase the cost of consultations. In order to resolve labor-capital conflicts, worker representatives elected should negotiate with business owners, balancing personal interests, corporate interests and national interests.From the social risk perspective, this research holds that the construction of the enterprise labor union system should follow a principle that labor union performs as’firewall’between workers and enterprises, and between workers and government. On one hand, labor union is a spokesman for workers and on the other hand, it is an organization on behalf of rationality and functioning as coordination. The labor union should protect the workers when they suffer as soon as possible; it should control the emotion of workers when their rationality is vanquished by affection, to prevent their being used by bad-intentioned people.By using of modern search tools, the author collects the statistical yearbook made by the National Statistical Office, which covers the labor dispute arbitrations by Labor Dispute Arbitration Institution at all levels. Although the data cannot reflect the true face of labor disputes, we still can predict the labor dispute arbitrations tend through data analysis, which is of great significance for us to draw a lesson.In the study of foreign labor union construction, this research mainly chooses the experience of Hongkong labor union construction as reference. Two reasons are as follows:firstly, Hongkong adopts a capitalism system; however, it also thinks and behaves with traditional Chinese characteristics. Secondly, as the largest and most influential labor union, the Hongkong Federation of Trade Unions is typical’left-wing’. Therefore, the experience of Hongkong labor union construction has certain instructive significance for labor union construction in China mainland.