| Morchella spp. is a kind of economic fungi that has important edible and medicinal value. Recently. although we have some results on the aspects of morphology, biology, taxonomy and molecular biology, but there still remain many problems, including the following aspects:(1) Morel has a wide variety of patterns. Though a lot of elaborated researches have been carried out by mycologists all over the world, the systematics of Morchella aeategory is still a controversial issue.Traditional morphological methods can not distinguish kinds of morels accurately. So molecular biology techniques play an important role in vestigating of fungus.(2) Because of many kinds of morels, the conclusion about their biological characteristics are different, we still need some test data to verify them.(3) Morel formes fruit at random occassion, so it is still an open question of large-scale artificial cultivation in morel.In this paper, we collected11strains of wild morels from Lengshuigou and Liuling region of Qinling Mountain. The morphology, taxonomy and molecular biology and biology of morels were investigated systematically. The results were as following:(1) Observed the morphology characteristics of11strains of wild morels we knew that fruiting bodies of morels were various in different regions.The characteristics of the hyphae between Lengshuigou region and Liuling region were significantiy different. Hyphae have obvious trunk, straight. shiny, initial white or light yellow, radiation growth, the latter gradually became yellow to brown.Two thick hyphae were connected by thin hyphae. While hyphae from Liuling region was relatively small and various. Such as bridge-like connection, finger-like and dendritic-like.(2) Based on ITS analysis of11strains of wild morels we knew that:there were four kinds of morels in Qinling Mountain. M.crassipes was the only kind in Lengshuigou region and there were three kinds of morels in Liuling region, they were Morchella elata, Morchella conica and Morchella esculenta. The Neighbor-Joining method and Maximum Parsi-mony method were adopted to construct the molecular phylogenetic tree, so as to elucidate the taxonomic status and the evolutionary relationship of morel. The research showed that there were two main branches in Morchella according to ITS sequence analysis.Black morels includes M.angusticeps, M. elata and M. conica. Yellow morels includes M. esculenta. M. deliciosa and M.crassipes. In the branch of the Yellow morels, M. esculenta and M.crassipes can be clearly distinguished. Consequently, this research provided solid molecular evidence in systematic study on Morchella.(3) Selected four kinds of morels and cultured them on different media. The results indicated that Morchella elata, Morchella conica, Morchella esculenta and M. crassipes grew best in PDA comprehensive medium and PDA medium, there was no significant difference between them, basal medium was good; mycelia grew sparsely in GYA, MYG and YGA medium, they were significantly different with PDA comprehensive medium and PDA medium. As to the degree of utilization of the carbon source, four kinds of morels grew best on the media with sucrose and glucose as the carbon source, mycelia were dense, the average daily speeds and dry weight of colonies were maximum; glycerol was not suitable for mycelial growth. For the degree of utilization of the nitrogen source, potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate were good, mycelial growth were quick and well; followed by ammonium nitrate and ammonium; mycelia grew worst in media with urea as a nitrogen source. Four kinds of morels can grow when the carbon and nitrogen ratio was10:1～40:1, the best ratio was25:1. Favorable cultural condition for growth of mycelium was25℃. pH6.0-7.0, darkness. The average daily speeds and dry weight of colonies were maximum. After testing the growth of four kinds of Morchella, We knew that in a limited period, mycelial growth graph showed serration while cultural time extended. |
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