Study On The Key Factors In The Growth Of Mycelium And Sclerotia Formation Of Morchella Esculenta

Morchella esculenta is one kind of rare and medicinal edible fungus.Its nutrition is rich, it taste delicious, to welcome by the people, it has a very high medicinal value, it can treat a variety of gastrointestinal diseases and it can improve the human immune system.It is an urgent need to develop valuable edible and medicinal fungi.The present paper of this research includes three aspects: First, has studied the common Morchella esculenta M-4 nutrition physiology characteristic systematically; Second, has studied the environment factors which systematically the common Morchella esculenta mycelium growth and the common Morchella esculenta sclerotia formation; Third, through ternary quadratic General Rotary unitized design to study the best cultivation matrix formula which the common Morchella esculenta sclerotia formation. The concrete research conclusions are as follows:1. Through measure the growth rate , colony diameter and mycelial vigor of Morchella esculenta M-4 mycelium in different culture medium to study the effect of different carbon sources, nitrogen source, inorganic salts, vitamins and plant growth regulators on the growth of Morchella esculenta mycelium. The results showed that: the best carbon source is the soluble starch; the best nitrogen source is the urea;In different inorgainic salts ,the manganese sulfate(30mg/L) has certain promoter action on the mycelial growth of Morchella esculenta;Magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium molybdate have not significant role in promoting on the mycelium growth of Morchella esculenta; potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, copper sulfate, cobalt chloride and nitrate nickel have different degrees of inhibition on the mycelium growth of Morchella esculenta. In different types of vitamins,V_B1, V_B2, V_B6, V_B12 and folic acid have not significant inhibition or promotion on the mycelium growth of Morchella esculenta, nicotinic acid(2mg/L) is significantly inhibited on the mycelium growth of Morchella esculenta. In different types of plant hormones,6-BA have weak promoter action on the mycelium growth of Morchella esculenta; 2,4-D (≤10mg/L)and indole acetic acid(≤2mg/L) can promote the mycelium growth of Morchella esculenta, inhibited the growth of mycelium at high concentrations; GA is significantly inhibited on the mycelium growth of Morchella esculenta.2.Useing single factor experiment to study the different pH, temperature, light and CO₂ concentration on growth of Morchella esculenta M-4 mycelium and different pH, temperature, light, CO₂ concentration and water content on the sclerotia formation of Morchella esculenta.The results show as that: The best conditions for the growth of Morchella esculenta mycelium is as that: the optimal pH is 7.7; The optimum temperature is 23.6℃; The appropriate illumination is 57.5 lx; The appropriate CO₂ concentration is 2.31%. The best conditions for the sclerotia formation of Morchella esculenta is as that: the optimal pH is 8.0; the optimum temperature is 21.7℃; the appropriate illumination is 71.6lx; the appropriate CO₂ concentration is 0.59%; the appropriate water content is 56%.3. Useing single factor experiment to study suitable cultivation matrix for the sclerotia formation of Morchella esculenta M-4 is sawdust , corncob, wheat bran and the cotton seed shell. Then used the ratio mixture and ternary quadratic General Rotary unitized design,to study the optimal combination of four factors(sawdust , corncob, wheat bran and the cotton seed shell). The results are as follows:when the amount of sawdust is 17.86%,the amount of corn cob is 3.57%,the amount of wheat bran is 7.14%, the amount of cotton seed shell if 71.43%, the sclerotia formation of Morchella esculenta if more.