Biological Characteristics And Cultivation Techniques Of Morchella Y1

Morchella spp.belongs to the genus of Morchella,was named for having reticulated protrusions.Due to its delicious taste,nutritious and various effects such as anti-oxidation,anti-aging,lowering blood pressure,lowering blood fat and inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells,its market demand was increasing day by day.Although there were 68 species of Morchella spp.currently found,few of them could be cultivated on a large scale.In order to enrich its germplasm resources,stabilize and improve the yield of its greenhouse cultivation,the search for new Morchella strains and the exploration of its artificial cultivation methods were imperative.Then the hyphae isolation and identification of wild Morchella ascocarp were carried out which was collected from the Dabie Mountains in Anhui Province.After that the biological characteristics and artificial cultivation experiments of it were carried out.The main results were as follows:(1)Through hyphae isolation and identification of wild Morchella collected from Dabie Mountains in Anhui Province,three strains(Y1,A and B)were isolated from wild Morchella ascocarp in Dabie Mountains.Among them,Y1 was Morchella conica,belonged to the genus Morchella;A and B were respectively Fusarium oxysporum and Boeremia exigua,doesn’t belong to the genus Morchella.Y2(collected from Tengchong,Yunnan),Y3(collected from Tengchong,Yunnan)and Y4(collected from Sanmenxia,Henan)were respectively Morchella importuna,Morchella sextelata and Morchella conica,all belonged to the genus Morchella.(2)Through the observation of the hyphae of Morchella Y1 and the selection of its optimal culture conditions,many branches of the hyphae of Morchella were observed under the microscope and the branches of different hyphae had the phenomenon of joint.The optimal culture situations for plate culture about Morchella hyphae included pH 6.0～9.0,temperature 25～26℃,dark.The best nutritional conditions were using the glucose as carbon source and using the potassium nitrate as nitrogen source.(3)Through the comparison of hyphae growth characteristics of Morchella Y1,Y2 and Y3,the hyphae of Y1 and Y2 were observed had the growth mode of simultaneous elongation and branching,but the growth mode of hyphae of Y3 was first elongation and then branching,and the hyphae were more likely to intertwine at the border of the colonies when different Morchella strains were cultivated in pairs.(4)Through the selection of the optimal liquid culture conditions of Morchella Y1,the mycelial biomass and extracellular polysaccharide production of Morchella Y1 were found both reached the maximum value on the 10th day of liquid culture.Using soluble starch as the carbon source and potassium nitrate as the nitrogen source,and adding metal sheet as the external medium to produce liquid seed,the effect was the best.(5)Through cultivation and yield evaluation of different combinations of Morchella strains,the growth rate of the hyphae of Morchella Y1 in seven different culture mediums were found to be very close.Using a single strain or combined strains to carry out Morchella cultivation both could produce primordiums and ascocarps smoothly.Using combined strains could significantly shorten the generation time of primordium and increase the quantity of it.Using combined strains of Y2&Y3 could produce the primordium fastest and mostest,and the yield of Morchella was also the largest.This study could enrich the resources of Morchella strains and provide theoretical basis and technical reference for guiding the large-scale cultivation of Morchella.