Based On Gis And Fuzzy Habitat Suitability Assessment And Regionalization Of Wild Plants

Habitat suitability assessment is an important part of the biodiversity protection; the requirements and spatial distribution of biological habitat is very important to the protection and management of biological species. All the time, domestic and international research of habitat suitability assessment is mainly concentrated in the evaluation theories, evaluation model and methods, chosen of the habitat suitability factors, multi-scale spatial and temporal habitat suitability, and different species, and so on. With the constant development of GIS technology, the research and application of GIS in habitat suitability assessment of animal and plant species become more and more deeply and widely, and many encouraging results have been also achieved. Compared with the traditional methods of evaluation, GIS is more efficient, material-saving, and more easily spatialization. However, by now, the main research focus on the habitat suitability assessment of animal species, there are few research about plant species, especially the wild plant species. Therefore, for a lot of wild plant species, their suitable habitat requests have not known, which is one of main limiting factor for the preliminary protection and management of wild plant species.In view of this, this study selected a widespread wild plant-Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. Et Wils. As research object in the Qinling area, and based on GIS and fuzzy to build habitat suitability evaluation model to evaluate and research the habitat suitability of the wild plant species. As yet, the plants have not been clearly defined their suitable habitat requests. In recent years, due to the growth of market demand, predatory over-harvesting and less protective measures, the number of this species has drastically declined, so it is imminent for assessing the habitat suitability of the plant species.In this study, we selected15sample areas in the Qinling region, and collected233samples of the S. sphenanthera, examined the contents the active ingredient schisantherin A in them with high efficiency liquid chromatography. We selected15eco-environmental factors according to previous studies and the growth environment of S. sphenanthera; used the membership function in fuzzy mathematics to obtain the affiliation of the various ecological factors and active ingredients, also known as the optimum conditions of ecological factors to S. sphenanthera; then calculated the weight of various ecological factors which affect habitat suitability of S. sphenanthera through the application of maximum entropy model; at the end, we used the additive models and geographic information system (GIS) to obtain the suitable range of each factor which affects its growth, and also the spatial distribution of habitat suitability assessment. In addition, we selected three other samples besides the Qinling Mountains and collected49samples, tested the established model. Based on this, four classes habitat were divided, and the measures and proposals of sustainable utilization and protection for the plant species were put forward. Via research, the results are as follows:(1) The membership functions of each habitat suitability evaluation factor of S. sphenanthera were determined; the spatial distribution of each evaluation factor was quantified.(2) The weight of the topographical, climatic and soil factors were respectively35.52%,33.99%and30.49%, which is showed that the impact of the3class factors for habitat suitability of S. sphenanthera are roughly equal.(3) The weight of aspect, the average temperature of growth and soil organic carbon content was respectively27.06%,14.23%and11.46%, indicating that the light obtained the average temperature of growth and soil organic carbon content play an important impact for S. sphenanthera growing.(4) Qinling area was divided into four class habitat:unsuitable habitat, marginally suitable habitat, moderately suitable habitat, and highly suitable habitat, the suitable habitat area occupies70.80percent of total area, which showed that the entire Qinling region is a suitable habitat for the growth of S. sphenanthera. The highly suitable habitat is mainly located in the south of Shaanxi, the east of Gansu and the west of Henan.(5) Based on GIS and Fuzzy, the model established of habitat suitability for S. sphenanthera is equally applicable to the evaluation of habitat suitability on S. sphenanthera outside Qinling region.The unique features of this study are as follows:(1) The habitat suitability evaluation model which established on the basis of GIS and Fuzzy can provide an easily quantified and operated, effective method for the habitat suitability evaluation of the wild plants which have no specific habitat requirements. (2) Compared with other habitat suitability evaluation model, the model built in this study can determine the appropriate range of each eco-environmental factor. Based on this, the managers and protectors can more efficiently manage and protect the wild plant species.(3) From species point of view, this study assessed the habitat suitability of S. sphenanthera, divided the suitable habitat and determined the suitable requests, which filled the blank of habitat suitability research of S. sphenanthera in theory and methodThis study is a useful attempt for evaluating habitat suitability of wild plant species, which can provide feasible proposals and measures for the protection, management and sustainable utilization of wild S. sphenanthera, as well as a certain scientific reference for the future research.