A Study On Garden Art And Natural Consciousness From The Pre-Qin Dynasty To The Wei-Jin Dynasties

Abstract:Under the influence of the Chinese traditional thought "harmony between man and nature", the Chinese gardens also have different modality on the nature orientation in different periods. In the garden consciousness of the pre-Qin period, the landscape architecture have changed from early human hunting survival model into a new mode of leisure, it had become the object of the aesthetic appreciation, but not naturally because the garden hunting function is much more obviously. In the growing understanding of nature, the garden showed large-scale characteristics in Qin and Han Dynasties, because the thought of "heavy prestige" was emphasized in the aesthetic culture. The garden art of nature can be divided into artificial nature and ideal of nature in two parts, the artificial nature of "three mountains in a pool" pattern originated from the thought of immortals of Qin Dynasties. This natural awareness of the garden art have the romantic tendencies, not the true reflection of the reality itself, but the ideal natural cognition of the immortal color. In Wei and Jin Dynasties, the culture of Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu had become very popular, metaphysics had emerged, and the Buddhism had been accepted in China, so a new aesthetic view on nature appeared and was used in the gardens art. Royal garden still has its great feature, but the literati gardens had become the dominant manorial type. At the same time, the center of the garden focused on the performance of the landscape itself further, it showed the people’s attention to the essence of the nature. It pursued the organic fusion of the garden art spirit and the nature spirit, thus the new aesthetic conception of landscape nature came into being in Wei and Jin Dynasties.