The Research Of Medical Treatment And Hygiene In The Period Of The Republic Of China In Anhui Province

Background in Qing Terminal New Deal, the frame of the health administration system had been established initially. After the founding of the Republic of China, the Northern Warlords government of Anhui retained the basic original health administration system. But because of the political power of Anhui shift constantly, the health administation system didn’t have much development. After Anhui being governed by National Government at Nanking, Anhui health administration system gradually developed from the provincial and local levels. Although the development of the health administration system was tortuous as the political situation, the social progress was also the main theme of the era. So the health administration system of Anhui had an upward trend that time. All these were playing a positive role in promoting the practice and development of the medical and health services, the prevention and control of epidemic diseases and protecting the majority of the people healthily in the entire period of the ROC.The hospital building is an important embodiment of the modern extent of the medical treatment and hygiene. The church hospitals and public hospitals could best show the modernization of the hospitals in the levels of management and technical in the period of ROC in Anhui. In addition, although all kinds of hospitals which were benevolent and experimental distributed throughout the province of Anhui, the most close to the majority of ordinary people were private hospitals or clinics. Because of the special political and historical reasons, many parts of Anhui were Japan-occupied areas or CPC’s base areas. In order to ensure their army’s combat resilience and maintain the stability the military and political system of Puppet government and CPC also opened some hospitals for their armies or the common people which their ruled. In addition to the establishment of the hospital, the pharmacies were opened in every city or town. Especially,most of them were west pharmacies.They were an important supplement to social and medical resources.The nature and environment of Anhui province are unusual. In terms of climate, geography, floods, transportation, environmental hygiene, war and some other factors, Anhui all had its specificity in the period of the ROC. Because of these, Anhui became one of the provinces which deeply influenced by the epidemic in that time. Including smallpox, plague, cholera three deadly infectious diseases and other legal epidemics were heavily or lightly popular in Anhui. In all kinds of the epidemics, some locally parasitical diseases like kala-azar and schistosomiasis had one of the nation major epidemic areas which was Anhui province. To face the successive years of the epidemics impacting social and economic development and people’s lives, from the provincial government to the ordinary people had a actively respond. Thanks to the establishment of hygiene administration system led by the public hygienic rules and the introduction of modern western medicine led by the church hospitals and provincial public hospitals, the community of Anhui had made significant results in the prevention and control of the epidemics under the leadership of the government official."Hygienic modernity" was the common aspiration of many elites of the Republic of China that time, so was the elites of Anhui. In order to let more people undestand "hygienic modernity", Anhui had made all efforts in the public hygiene and hygienic education. The public hygiene included environment, school, woman, child, food and so on. Hygienic education not only included the education of health knowledge and the propaganda of the hygienic idea, but also involved the education or study of doctors and nurses. These were the striving and practice of the transition process of political and social modernization in the period of ROC in Anhui. After the founding of the ROC, the governing by National Government at Nanking and the victory of anti-Japanese war, there would be a innovation political situation and then there would be more gratifying results in the "hygienic modernity". And they also be promoted by the propaganda and paractice of New Life Movement, Anhui Reform Movement. Of course,not just in the KMT-controlled areas, even within the CPC’s base areas which based on poor rural areas had a outstanding performance in the "hygienic modernity" like the education or study of doctors and nurses. The reasons of this included the influence of the KMT-CPC cooperation and the spirit of self-reliance of the CPC.The purposes of the development of medical treatment and hygiene in the period in ROC in Anhui were protecting the public health, controling of social epidemic and maintain normal social life. Although there were a variety of problems,like imperfect,incomplete, a lot of remarkable achievements were obtained during the whole period. The inadequacies partly is because Anhui was not so open like the coastal areas that lack of technology, experienced doctors or nurses and so on. But the root cause was that the development of political, social, economic and other aspects of Anhui was unbalanced. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the stability and the unity of the right of national political discourse would make the development of medical treatment and hygiene in Anhui have more new opportunities.