A Research On The Co-occurrence Of Negative Adverb "mei(you)(没有)"and "le (了)"

In this paper, the co-occurrence phenomenon of negative adverb "mei(you)（没有）"and "le（了）" gets a systematic study and exposition. Under normal circumstances, thenegative adverb "mei(you)（没有）" and "le（了）" could not be co-occurrence, which wehave reached a consensus in Modern Chinese. However, this is not absolute, there is asmall part of sentences, in which the co-occurrence phenomenon of negative adverb"mei(you（)没有）" and "l（e了）" exists. This phenomenon has aroused many grammarians’concern, and they have written a lot of theses to the exploration and study of this problemfrom various angles. Inheriting the results of previous studies, the paper makes asystematic and comprehensive analysis of the types and causes of this co-occurrencephenomenon based on the nature of an accurate definition about the adverb "mei(you)（没有）" and "le（了）", looking forward to providing a strong reference to the practice of theteaching of Chinese as a foreign language. The specific work contains the followingaspects.(1) Summarize the existing research achievements, combing the academicdevelopment of the study and evaluating of the gain and loss of existing researches, inorder to clearly understand the paper’s academic starting point and goals.(2) Through the discussion about the nature of negative adverb "mei(you)（没有）"and "le（了）" separately, the paper gets the reason why in normal conditions the two can’tbe co-occurrence. It’s that "mei(you)（没有）" expresses no action, while "le（了）"expresses that the action is achieved, leading to the result that the two are syntacticallycontradictory. Furthermore, according to the function, "le（了）" is re-divided into thetense aspect auxiliary "le（了）" and the complement "le（了）", and the tense aspectauxiliary "le（了）" is divided again into "le a（了a）" and "le b（了b）" in accordancewith the position that the tense aspect auxiliary "le（了）" exists in the middle or in the end of sentence. On this basis, when the tense aspect auxiliary "le a（了a）" and complement"le（了）" appear in a sentence at the same time, both will be fusion rather thanabbreviation.(3) Classify and analyze the gathered example sentences from the two aspects:co-occurrence of "mei(you（)没有）" and "le（了）" which exists in the middle of sentence,co-occurrence of "mei(you)（没有）" and "le（了）" which exists in the end of sentence.The results show that:First of all, when the deep semantic orientation of the adverb "mei(you)（没有）" andthe tense aspect auxiliary "le（了）" is absolutely same, the two could not be co-occurrence.When the deep semantic orientation of them is different, the contradiction is eliminated,and therefore they can exist in the same sentence.Secondly, the complement "le（了）" is in a middle status from the verb "le（了）" tothe tense aspect auxiliary "le（了）", having the concrete meaning that expresses the result.Therefore, the complement "le（了）" doesn’t contradict "mei(you)（没有）". When"mei(you)（没有）" focus on the result, the co-occurrence could come true. In addition,under the influence of rhythm factor, sometimes the complement "le（了）" is also neededto complement the syllable in order to keep balance.Thirdly, in the structure of "cha dianr mei（差点儿没）VP le（了）" (VP is confinedto the things which people don’t hope to achieve) and the structure of "jiu cha mei（就差没）VP le（了）", "mei(you)（没有）" is just a semantic redundant ingredient with thesubjective emphasis. No contradiction, no problem in co-occurrence.