Studies On Antonyms Of National Words Of Shi Shuo Xin Yu

Antithetic relationship with synonymous relationship is language important relationships. Forthe study of ancient Chinese antonyms are mostly confined to the pre-Qin literature study, and formedieval and modern Chinese books are rarely studied. In this paper, we select a representativemedieval literature Shi Shuo Xin Yu as a research object, and from synchronicity and diachrony ofthe two perspectives to do a comprehensive study on antonyms of national words.The Introduction part gave a brief description to the corpus value of Shi Shuo Xin Yu, theresearch history of ancient Chinese antonyms. It reveals the research value of Shi Shuo Xin Yu, andgive a brief introduction to the definition and criteria of antonyms and notional words.Starting from the second chapter of this paper, I firstly use exhaustive quantitative analysis tothe antonyms of national words in Shi Shuo Xin Yu which based on certain criteria. Then I do asynchronous analysis and description from three aspects of classification, existing forms andmultilateral relations on the basis of the sum total antonyms. And then concludes the characteristicsthat the antonyms of national words of Shi Shuo Xin Yu. Finally, with research method ofcombination of synchronicity and diachrony, I based on the above work do historical comparativestudy on commonly used antonyms and deeply explore the reason of its evolution.Through the specific analysis of synchronicity and diachrony on antonyms of national wordsof Shi Shuo Xin Yu, we concluded that there’re so many antonyms in Shi Shuo Xin Yu, and its usedin a high frequency, which adjectives, verbs, nouns account for the absolute advantage; antonymsobvious imbalance; there’re strong ideographic effect; the existing forms are various; the semanticcontrastive relation are complex and uneven; there exist complicated evolution reasons and so on.These conclusions have certain reference value to the study of medieval Chinese antonymsrelationship and the whole vocabulary system, and also provide some helps for establishing acomplete ancient Chinese system in the future.