| ObjectiveMineral elements in these bodies of children are closely relate to children survival. The content of mineral element can be influenced by the health diet and lifestyle habits environment who lives there.When the concentration of the elements is below or above the need of the children’s body, the normal function of the body can be affected. During the period of childhood metabolism in vivo elements affected by environments, while there is a large power plant, coal mine,nitrogenous fertilizer plant in Zoucheng,these factories discharge waste water, waste gas, waste residue which polluted environment. In this present study, we determined the contents of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca) magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and lead(Pb) in blood of1600children in Zoucheng. By investigation, we want to understand:1The normal contents and the medical reference range of Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg, Fe and Pb in the blood of the children.2. Find the reason why the concentration of some elements is below.We can find lead pollution.3The study of internal relationships between the microcytic hypochromic anemia and copper,zinc,calcium,magnesium,iron and lead in blood of children.This study results could provide certain references and find the the reason why the elements is low.It is very important to study the internal relationship between the mineral elements concentration and the microcytic hypochromic anemia, then to make reasonable dietary guideline.Methods1The choice of investigating objectsThese samples were chosen children aged<14that they were drawn blood to check up mineral elements in laboratory of zoucheng people’s hospital from August2011to August 2012.And through questionnaire survey which samples were selected should be able to represent the background level of zoucheng in geographical environment, economic level, social environment and so on. Gender is not limited.2Inquiry and investigationThe questionnaires were finished by a unified trained investigators.They investigated children’s parents or children who detected the mineral elements in the zoucheng people’s hospital by face to face interview. The questionnaires included basic condition of children and their families, the factors that may affect these mineral elements.In add to diseases of children situations in these days and also intelligence and so on(Attachment chart A-D).3Testing routine bloodTo take fasting venous blood2ml is detected by machine (SYSMEX-XE-2100)t, then you can got routine blood test results.4Determination of the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg, Fe and Pb in blood of1600children.The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Ca,Mg, Fe and Pb in blood were by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer.To take fasting venous blood2ml is detected by machines that were produced by Beijing Optoelectronic Technology Co.Ltd. These machines were made by atomic absorption spectrometer. One the machine that detected the content of copper, zinc, calcium, magnesium, iron was named BH5100series flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry.Leads content were detected by graphite furnace analyzer BH2100series.Situation of children’s mineral elements contents was analyzed by using excel software to establish database.Data were entried by double workers and were analyzed by statistically package spss16.0.Results indicated by (x±s眘)5The confirming of the medical reference range of concentrations Cu, Zn,Ca,Mg,Fe and Pb in bloodThe SPSS16.0statistical analysis software was used to get the medical reference range of the elements by1000health children.6Influencing factors about zinc, calcium and iron deficiencyInvestigation different edible habits of children,background of children’s families,education degree of parent’s and so on.which influence the content of mineral elements of children.Situation of children’s mineral elements contents was analyzed by using excel software to establish database.Data were entryed by double workers and were analyzed by statistically package spssl6.0. The chi-square test was adopted to compare the difference among distribution in catagorical data,related multi factors of elements deficiency were analyzed by the logistic regression model.7The study of internal relationships between the microcytic hypochromic anemia and copper, zinc, calcium, magnesium, iron and lead in blood of children.The investigating objects were separately divided into microcytic hypochromic anemia group, and the corresponding control groups. And then the SPSS16.0statistical software was used to discuss the relationship between the content of Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg,, Fe and Pb in blood and diseases.Results1The result of the choice of the investigation objectsThese samples were chosen children aged<14that they were drawn blood to check up mineral elements in laboratory of zoucheng people’s hospital from August2011to August2012.And through questionnaire survey which samples were selected should be able to represent the background level of zoucheng in geographical environment, economic level, social environment and so on. Gender is not limited.2Surveyed children’s gender,area source of children,and income of children’s familiesMale children account for57.8%in population that were detected mineral elements in zoucheng people’s hospital,female children account for42.2%, the oldest is14years old,the youngest is0years old,mean is3.67years old,ethnic is all han, the urban children account for72.8%that is majority, family with per monthly income more than2500yuan account for45.7%.3These children’s eating habitPicky eaters or partial food accounted for43.7%of children investigated,some frequently bite toys accounted for44.9%of children,some like to eat snake accounted for22.6%,some ensure the daily intake of dairy products accounted for55.6%of children,some children eat seafood that accounted for26.5%of them, some often eat fried foods accounted for19.4%of them,supplement mineral elements of children and children’s mother accounted for70.0%and74.5%respectively,breastfeeding and mixed feeding children accounted for81%of children investigated.4The concentrations of Cu, Zn,Ca,Mg,Fe and Pb in blood of1600childrenThe measurement result was as following (x±s):copper (21.48±4.01)μmol/Ll,zincum (79.25±16.00)μmol/L,calcium (1.69±0.23) mmol/L,magnesium (1.60±0.13) mmol/L, ferrum (8.01±2.78) mmol/L,lead (41.00±20.80)μg/L.5The medical reference range of Cu, Zn.Ca,Mg,Fe and Pb concentrations in bloodThe medical reference range of Cu, Zn,Ca,Mg,Fe and Pb concentrations in blood were Cu:(21.18±3.01)μmol/L, Ca:(1.70±0.09) mmol/L, Mg (1.60±0.11) mmol/L, Fe:(8.81±0.66) mmol/L, Pb:(35.00±10.80)μg/L, the normal reference values of zinc in different age ranges is different.0～1years old (70.25±4.12)μmol/L,1～2years old (79.25±4.93),2～3years old (80.25±5.01)μmol/L,3～4years old(82.25±6.01)μmol/L,4～14year old (89.25±5.02)μmol/L6The condition of copper,zinc,calcium,magnesium,iron,deficiency and excessive leadThe incidence of iron deficiency in children detected was the hightest,the second was zincum deficiency,the third was calcium.In the detected children,cases with ferrum,zincum,and calcium deficiency were28%,25%,10%,respectively. The case of excessive lead496that accounted for496/1600(31%).Copper deficiency rate is0.2%(3/1600),Magnesium deficiency is0.25%(4/1600).7The changes of Fe,Zn,Ca in different age and gender of childrenWith the increasing of age,the content of zincum and iron increased and the contents of calcium decreased.The content of Fe,Zn,Ca had no statistical significant difference between boys and girls.8The changes of deficiency rate in different age and in different gender of children with iron, zinc.calciumThe deficiency rate of iron,zincum were also different among different age groups;0-4year-old children in zincum deficiency rate were higher than5-14year-old;there were statistical significant differences in the deficiency rate of iron among three groups;2-4 year-old children in the deficiency rate of iron were higher than0-1year-old,5-14year-old children in the deficiency rate of iron obvious decreased. The deficiency rate of calcium had no significant difference among different age groups.9The influence of family and living habits on children with iron, zinc, calcium deficiencyInvestigation influencing factors about zinc,calcium and iron deficiency, this factors include location where children live,family income,education level of parent’s,picky eaters or part picky eater,bite toys,snacker,daily drink milk,eat seafood,and so on.Through analysis of multiple impact factors of children zincum deficiency,it is obvious that supplementing the mineral elements are protective factors in these. Through analysis of multiple impact factors of children iron deficiency,picky eater and partial food are risk factors of iron deficiency,on the contrary drinking milk every day or eating seafood are protective. Through analysis of multiple impact factors of children calcium deficiency, picky eater and partial food are risk factors of calcium deficiency.10The study of internal relationships between the microcytic hypochromic anemia and copper,zinc,calcium,magnesium,iron and lead in blood of children.Iron,zincum and magnesium content were significantly lower in the microcytic hypochromic anemia group than in control group(P<0.05), whereas lead content was significantly higher in the microcytic hypochromic anemia group than in control group (P<0.05).The content of copper and calcium showed no significant difference between microcytic hypochromic anemia and control group.Conclusions1The medical reference range of Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg, Fe and Pb concentrations in blood were found.2With the increasing of age,the content of zincum and iron increased and the contents of calcium decreased.The content of Fe,Zn,Ca had no statistical significant difference between boys and girls.3The deficiency of iron, zincum, calcium were more common and serious in children of zoucheng.4It is obvious that supplementing the mineral elements are protective factors in zinc for children. picky eater and partial food are risk factors of iron deficiency, on the contrary like drinking milk every day or like eating seafood are protective for children. picky eater and partial food are risk factors of calcium deficiency for children.5Microcytic hypochromic anemia was related to a lower level of blood ferrum,zincum and magnesium and higher level of blood plumbum. |
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