The Situation Of Children Aged6to12in Urban Area Of Changchun Developing Hypertension And Analysis Of Related Factors

Objective: To explore the characteristics and risk factors of hypertensionthrough epidemiology analysis of3749children aged6to12in urban area ofChangchun, Jilin province.Methods: A convenience sampling design was used, two primary schoolnamed Dongsi and Xiwu was selected and all of their children involved in theinvestigation,3749children aged6-12years old were surveyed at the end. Dataof the total population sample included anthropometric measurements,questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements included weight, height, waistcircumference(WC) and blood pressure were measured according to standardmethod, and Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR) werecomputed.[BMI=weight/height2(kg/m2); WHtR=WC/height.] Questionnaireinformation included sex, age, birth information, feed information, smoking anddrinking,dietary information, sleep duration, physical activity information, disease history, parents’ weight, height, education, smoking, drinking, familyincome and population, etc. All endpoint measurements follow the standardcriteria for hypertension and obesity, made in2010and2004respectively.Epidata3.1was used to input and check data. All data were analyzed with SPSS17.0. The measurement data (normal distribution) use±s, and the qualitativedata use n (%) to be described. The t test, analysis of variance and chi-squaretest were used to compare the mean or rate of subgroups. Multiple stepwiseregression analysis was used to analyze the related factors with hypertension ofchildren. With P <0.05for the difference was statistically significant.Results:(1) Prevalence of Hypertension: Out of the total3749children,which consist of1980（52.81%）male children and1769（47.19%） femalechildren, aged6to12;190（5.07%）children have hypertension.113(5.71%) ofthem are male and77(4.35%) are female. The prevalence morbidity of male tofemale is1.31:1；8year-old children’s morbidity is1.07%,which is the mosthigh.74（1.97%）children have high systolic pressure alone,68（1.81%）children have only high diastolic blood pressure, and48（1.28%）have both highsystolic blood pressure and high diastolic blood pressure.79（25%）from316children with obesity suffer hypertension.20(10.05%) from199children withoverweight suffer from hypertension.91(2.81%) from3234children withnormal weight suffer from hypertension. The hypertension prevalence is8.90times higher in children with obesity than in children with normal weight.41 (12.20%) children from336children with>90th WC have hypertension.149children (4.37%) from3413children with≤90th WC. Children with>90th WChave higher prevalence of hypertension.64(9.65%) children from663childrenwith WHtR (waist to height ratio)>0.5have hypertension.126(4.08%) childrenfrom3086children with WHtR≤0.5have hypertension. children with WHtR>0.5have higher prevalence of hypertension（2.37times）, P<0.001.(2)Relation between blood pressure and body mass index: Body height,weight, BMI, WC and WHtR are all increased significantly in children withhypertension. Children with obesity have significantly higher average bloodpressure than that of children with overweight. And children with overweighthave significantly higher average blood pressure than that of children withnormal weight. Children with WC>90/WHtR>0.5have significantly higherblood pressures than those of children with WC≤90/WHtR≤0.5. Thedifference are all statistically significant.(3)The analysis of the related factors of hypertension with children: theresult of multiple stepwise regression suggests that blood pressure is positivelyrelated to age, height, heart rate, WC, weight,drinking, diet, and birth weight.And the OR of WC is3.383（95%CI：2.265-5.054）.(4)Relation between blood pressure and diet: the intake frequency of boys’ meat, eggs, dairy products, Fried food are all higher than girls’; and the intakefrequency of boys’ fruits, leafy vegetables, leafy vegetables and snack food islower than the girls’, the difference was statistically significant. The childrenwith hypertension have more frequently with salty food, meat, eggs, refinedgrains, sweets, Fried foods, and cooked non-leafy vegetables, and less frequentlywith aquatic product on diet, the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion:(1)Prevalence ratio of hypertension is5.07%for6to12children in urban area of Changchun,which is close to other’s in China. And themost higher morbidity of children’ hypertension is8-year-old’s, which is1.07%.The prevalence morbidity of obesity in children is8.43%. It’s almost8.9times of morbidity that obesity children than children with normal weight.(2)The height, weight, BMI, WC and WHtR of the children withhypertension are all larger than the children’ with normal blood pressure.Moreover,the female’s BMI with hypertension group is higher than the normal’ssignificantly.(3)WC,weight,the diet with high-salt-fat-calorie and low in fiber andminerals,and the lower birth weight are the risk factors of children’ hypertension.However, the BMI and WHtR can be used as good indicators to predict children’hypertension prevalence getting rib of the influence of height to weight and WC.(4)The changing with healthy life-style will effectively reduce the level ofchildren’ blood pressure and also prevent it probably. Including a balanced diet(especially the increasing intake of vegetable protein of high qualityprotein and the minerals, trace elements and green leafy vegetables, getting ribof high-salt, high-fat and high-calorie diet), getting plenty of sleep,keepingpositive state of mind,and enhancing physical activity.one of the main factorsleading to elevated levels of the body’s blood pressure.