| Research backgroundBirth defects are diseases that seriously influence the children’s physical growth and mental health. Birth defects have become the leading cause of death in infants and children, it have become a major public health problem in the world, especially in developing countries. Birth defects include single and multiple forms. Birth defects monitoring will make comparison and evaluation between the monitored incidence of birth defects and the set standards, obtains the trend of certain birth defects and information of growth and decline timely, observes the new diseases, makes analysis, so as to find and eliminate the influence factor and improve the quality of life of newborn babies.China is a developing country with large number of populations, and is also a high incidence country of birth defects. According to the birth defects monitoring data in the national hospital, the incidence of birth defects is increasing. Birth defects are seriously threatening the population quality and the quality of life in China; it is not only a serious public health problem but also a social problem which affects the economic development and people’s normal life. In the key fields of Population and Health, the National Program for Long-term and Middle-term Scientific and Technological Development (2006-2020) puts forward the target to control the quantity of population and determine the strategic target to control the population within1.5billion and the birth defect rate less than3%. Since the1980s, our country has made actively research on the birth defects and obtained lots of achievements in the field of epidemiology, influencing factors, three-level prevention of the birth defects, etc. Due to the variety and complexity of Influencing factors of birth defects, the incidence of birth defects in different areas, types and risk factors are also different. Therefore, we study the types and distribution characteristics of birth defects in a given region, which can learn about the risk factors for birth defects and provide basic information for local government to make prevention measures to reduce the incidence of birth defects and improve the quality of birth population.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to learn about the incidence and composition of birth defects in ZiBo City, find out the change tendency of birth defects in Zibo City, and analyze the influencing factors of birth defects by the analysis of birth defects monitoring data in ZiBo City from2005to2011, in order to provide basic information for making prevention measures to reduce the incidence of birth defects, improving the birth quality constantly, and further reducing the mortality of perinatals and infants.Methods:The collected data was processed and analyzed by using the Excel database and SPSS19.0software. Mainly using the descriptive analysis method, through the combined method of vertical and horizontal comparison, we analyze birth defects of gender, the gap between urban and rural areas, analyze the effect to the birth defects of educational level and age; analyze the sequence analysis of birth defects to understand the emphasis on prevention and control, analyze birth defects, induced labor of outcome to understand the survival situation of birth defects, analyze the way and time of birth defects to learn about the current level of prenatal diagnosis. According to the analyzed data, we can probe into the problems existing in the process of birth defect prevention and the factors affecting the birth defects, and put forward the relevant policy suggestions.Results:1. The incidence of birth defects among perinatal infants in Zibo City:In2005-2011, the incidence of birth defects was6.53‰in Zibo City, which was significantly lower than the province and the national average. The overall incidence of birth defects increased year by year, but with a big fluctuating trend.2. The top5types of birth defects from2005to2011in Zibo City arecongenital heart disease, Multi-finger (toe), total cleft lip (cleft lip, cleft lip with cleft palate), congenital hydrocephalus, and, which accounted for50.5%of the total birth defects. The congenital heart disease accounted for16.9%. The incidence rate of congenital heart disease, multi-finger (toe) and congenital hydrocephalus raised while the neural tube defect decreased.3. The level of prenatal diagnosis in Zibo City remains to be further improved. From2005to2011in Zibo city, the lives of birth defects accounted for58.32%, the stillbirth and stillborn were39.48%, death within7days was2.20%. From the time of diagnosis, prenatal diagnosis accounted for42.57%, while Postnatal diagnosis was57.43%, prenatal diagnosis rate is on the rise; From the basis of diagnosis,55.33%was clinical diagnosis,43.94%was ultrasound,0.26%was Resin solution,0.26%was Chromosome detection and Other diagnosis accounted for0.21%. The diagnosis rate of less than28weeks and prenatal birth defects has improved. Birth defects diagnosis relies mainly on the clinical and ultrasound scan and the ultrasound diagnosis rate increased year by year, which suggests that the application of prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis technology continuously strengthens, but the diagnosis method is relatively single, and prenatal diagnosis technology needs constant development.4. The incidence of prenatal birth defects has no significant difference in urban and rural areas in Zibo City. From2005to2011in urban area, the incidence of perinatal birth defects has a big fluctuation, and the one in rural was on the rise. The birth defect rate in city was6.98‰, the birth defect rate in rural was6.33‰. There is no significant difference between them.5. The incidence of male is higher than the female in the perinatal birth defects in Zibo City. According to the birth defects monitoring data analysis, there is a great difference in birth defect incidence in gender. The incidences of perinatal birth defects of male and female were7.02‰and5.93‰respectively, the ratio of the incidence is1.18:1, and the difference has statistical significance. The trend of incidence of birth defects in gender shows out an ascendant trend with a fluctuation.6. The maternal age of birth defects in Zibo showed out an "U" shape distribution. The birth defect rates are7.58‰in maternal aged less than25and8.72‰aged more than35, significantly higher than other groups.7. The incidence of perinatal birth defects is related to maternal cultural degree, economic income and reproductive season.Suggestions:1. Strengthening the management of tertiary prevention in the birth defects, reduce the incidence of birth defects, and improve the quality of birth population in Zibo City.2. Strengthening the consciousness of occupational protection, change the unhealthy lifestyle.3. Widening the pregnant health care content actively, innovating the mode of birth defects intervention. 4. Strengthening the government’s responsibility, establish the system for the prevention of perinatal birth defects, and improve the level of birth defect prevention cooperatively.5. Improving the level of birth defect prevention health education, enhance the self-protection consciousness and ability of the people. |
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