A Case-control Study On The Risk Factors Of Urinary Calculi Of Uygur Children Under Seven In Kashgar

Objective: This paper aims at exploring the major factors of Uygur children’s urinarycalculi under the age of7in Kashgar, providing scientific guidelines for urinary calculi ’sprevention and diagnosis. Methods: A1:1case-control study was conducted. The casegroup of115Uygur children under7years old was selected from Urology Surgery in No.1People’s Hospital of Kashgar. All the patients were hospitalized from Nov.2009to Jun.2011. All were diagnosed as urinary calculi by type-B ultrasonic and X ray, and theexamination has got rid of the possibilities of renal failure, chronic urinary disease,hyperparathyroidism and other diseases; the control group of115non-calculus patientstreated in the same period was also selected from other departments in the mentionedhospital. The selected patients were grouped with the rate of1:1by same nation, sex, ageand same village (street) or the neighboring village (streets). All the children wereexamined by the same type-B ultrasonic to exclude urinary calculi. This paper usedself-designed Questionnaire on Related Factors of Children’s Urinary Calculi, which wasimplemented among the guardians of the respondents by the specially trained professionalnurses after getting the informed consent. The univariate analysis was conducted byChi-square test and t test, and the multivariate analysis was conducted by the factorconditional Logistic regression. Results：1) The children under3years old in urinarycalculi related to the following factors generate statistical significance (P＜0.05) to theunivariate analysis results: infant feeding patterns, food supplement in5months, the dietin1years; In the multivariate analysis results: breast-feeding is protective factor, the ORvalue is0.007, drink more milk and eat the batter in5months are risk factors, the ORvalues are2.414,2.529.2) The children under7years old in urinary calculi related to thefollowing factors generate statistical significance (P＜0.05) to the univariate analysisresults: the history of urinary tract infection, mothers’ education,mothers’ occupation,major drinking water and drinking ways, daily amount of water, time of drinking milkpowder, crapulous habits, habits of sweating, and sunshine exposure time per day; In themultivariate analysis results, only7factors entered the study model.Frequent drinking of unboiled water, daily water intake less than500ml, eating salty flavor, and oftensweating,all are the risk factors (P＜0.05) of the children’s urinary calculi, the OR valuesare respectively as7.018,4.543,2.250and5.344, the protective factors (P＜0.05) arefrequent drinking of tap water, eating more fresh vegetables, and exposure to sunshinetime in Summer less than2h/day, and their OR values are0.211,0.130and0.344respectively.Conclusion: The Uygur children’s urinary calculi in Kashgar is mainlyaffected by the diet habits and dietary structure. Individual factors, family status andgeographical environment can also not be ignored. We should promote a healthy diet,advocate reasonable dietary structure and help maintaining good eating habits, byencouraging children to drink more water daily, eat more fresh vegetables, so as toeffectively control and reduce the incidence of urinary calculi in children.