Periodontal Status Of702Pregnant Women And Relationship Between Maternal Periodontitis With Preterm Birth/Low Birth Weight

Periodontal disease is one of the most common chronic disorders of infectious origin known in humans, with a reported prevalence varying between10and60%in adults, depending on diagnostic criteria. Periodontal disease refers to gingivitis (an inflammatory condition of the soft tissues surrounding a tooth or the gingiva) and periodontitis (involving the destruction of such supporting structures as the periodontal ligament, bone, cementum, or soft tissues). Periodontal disease is initiated by overgrowth of certain bacterial species, with a majority of Gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria growing in subgingival sites. The host response to periodontal pathogens causes persistent inflammation and the destruction of periodontal tissues that support teeth, leading to clinical manifestations of disease.The past15years have witnessed an increase in research evidence suggesting associations between periodontal disease and increased risk of systemic diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes mellitus, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Adverse pregnancy outcomes that have been linked to periodontal disease include preterm birth, low birth weight, miscarriage or early pregnancy loss, and pre-eclampsia. Pre-eclampsia and preterm births are major causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The specific aetiologies and pathogeneses of these adverse pregnancy outcomes are still unclear; few risk factors have been clearly identified as early predictors or modifiable risk factors for purposes of determining intervention strategies. A confirmation of periodontal disease as an independent risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes would be of great public health importance because periodontal disease is both preventable and curable. Improving periodontal health before or during pregnancy may prevent or reduce the occurrences of these adverse pregnancy outcomes and therefore reduce the maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.Thus, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between periodontal disease and some adverse perinatal outcomes in a low risk pregnant women cohort and to assess if other habit and sociodemographic factors are also associated.Object To investigate the periodontal status of pregnant women and evaluate the effect variables on such periodontal status, and determine its possible relationship between maternal periodontitis and preterm birth、low birth weight.Method A total of702Pregnant women were study recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, who were chosen randomly by the rule of the admittance that they had no severe systemic diseases. The informations related to pregnancy were collected through a questionnaire. Women were given periodontal examination. The pregnancy outcomes obtained from the clinical records after estimated date for delivery. The result was analyzed with chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis.Result The result showed that the gingivitis and periodontitis were diagnosed in66.1%and37.9%separately of these women. The pregnant women who have older age, higher income monthly and have not seen the dentists last one year before pregnancy were prone to having gingivitis. The pregnant women who have older age, higher income monthly, less brush teeth and have not seen the dentists last one year before pregnancy were prone to having periodentitis. Our findings showed that the presence of gingivitis didn’t increase the risk of preterm birth and low weight birth, P=0.423and P=0.941, P>0.05. Incidence of preterm birth with periodontitis compared to without periodontitis was stastically significant difference in the univeriate analysis, P=0.044,P<0.05. Incidence of low weight birth with periodontitis compared to without periodontitis was no stastically significant difference, P=0.405, P>0.05. By the Logistic regression analysis, patients with periodontitis had the odds ratios(95percent CI) of1.740(1.067～2.839) for preterm birth.Conclusion The gingivitis during pregnancy was associated with older age, higher lever of monthly and who have not seen the dentists last one year before pregnancy. The prevalence rate of periodontitis was increased during pregnancy with older age, higher lever of monthly pay, less brush teeth and who have not seen the dentists last one year before pregnancy. Periodontitis among pregnant women was a risk factor for preterm birth. We must pay more attention to oral health care of these pregnant women.