The Fatty Acid Levels In The Women With Excess Gestational Weight Gain: A Correlation Study With The Macrosomia Risk

Objectives Establishing the GC-MS analytical method of free fatty acids in maternaland cord plasma, and exploring the relationship between the risk of macrosomia andfatty acid levels in maternal and cord plasma of pregnant women who gain too muchweight during pregnancy, in order to provide guidance of reasonable weight gain forpregnant women during pregnancy, at the same time, to make sure the healthy outcomesof infants.Methods Select the pregnant women in Hefei Maternal and Child Health Hospital andtheir neontes as subjects, and finally choose77pairs for this research with theiragreement. Collect the basic data of the pregnant women, the weight gaining duringpregnancy and the informations of neontes. Collect the venous blood and cord blood ofpregnant women. After Establishing the GC-MS analytical method of free fatty acids,wedetect the typical free fatty acids in maternal and cord plasma. Based on the differencesin weight-gaining and birth weight, we put the subjects into three groups: normal weightgain during pregnancy and delivered normal infants, excessive weight gain duringpregnancy and delivered normal infants, excessive weight gain during pregnancy anddelivered macrosomia, and then we explore the differences among the fatty acid levelsin maternal and cord plasma and analyze the fatty acids related with the risk ofmacrosomia.Results (1) We have established the GC-MS analytical method of plasma fatty acids,GC-MS can separate free fatty acids in maternal and cord plasma, and recovery and sensitivity of fatty acid is good.(2)The saturated fatty acids in maternal plasma：The overall SFA and C18:0levels ofexcessive weight gain during pregnancy and delivered normal infants (group II) andexcessive weight gain during pregnancy and delivered macrosomia (group III) arehigher than those of normal weight gain during pregnancy and delivered normal infants(group I)(p<0.05).Besides, the C16:0level of group III is higher than that of group I(p<0.05).(3) Polyunsaturated fatty acids in maternal plasma：The C18:3(n-6) and DHA level ofgroup III is higher than that of group I, the C20:3(n-3) level of group III is higher thanthat of group II (p<0.05).(4) The saturated fatty acids in cord plasma：The SFA、C15:0and C18:0levels of groupII are significantly lower than those of group I(p<0.05).(5) Polyunsaturated fatty acids in cord plasma：The overall PUFA levels of group II andgroup III are significantly lower than those of group I, the overall n-6PUFA level ofgroup II is significantly lower than that of group I, the overall n-3PUFA level of groupIII is significantly lower than that of group I(p<0.05).(6) The elevation of overall SFA、C12:0、C16:0、C18:0、C18:3(n-6)、C20:3(n-6) andDHA levels in maternal plasma can enhance the risk of macrosomia, while the elevationof overall PUFA and n-3PUFA levels in cord plasma can decrease the risk ofmacrosomia(p<0.05).(7) the fatty acid level in maternal blood differs from that in its corresponding cordblood, the performance is:SFA levels in maternal plasma is higher than cord plasma ingroup I, SFA levels in maternal plasma is lower than cord plasma in both group II andIII(p<0.05); PUFA and n-6PUFA levels in maternal plasma is higher than cord plasmain three groups(p<0.05), n-3PUFA levels in maternal plasma is lower than cord plasmain both group I and II(p<0.05),and no difference in group III(p>0.05). Conclusions In sum,for the pregnant women who gain too much weight duringpregnancy, the incidence of macrosomia has a relationship with SFA and PUFA inmaternal and cord plasma. The elevation of SFA and some PUFA(n-6C18:3、n-6C20:3、DHA)significantly increase the risk of macrosomia in maternal plasma, The elevation ofPUFA and n-3PUFA significantly decrease the risk of macrosomia in cord plasma, theresults prompt that pregnant women should reasonable control intake of SFA,reduceintake of C18:3(n-6) and C20:3(n-6) appropriately and enhance intake ofn-3PUFA,pregnant women should make sure balance of PUFA.The results reminds that pregnant women should take fat-rich food reasonably andreduce intake of saturated fatty acids. As to the polyunsaturated fatty acids, pregnantwomen should take carefully the kind of polyunsaturated fatty acids related with birthweight. If they take too much, the risk of macrosomia also will be great.Most fatty acidslevel in maternal plasma is higher than cord plasma, but C12:0、C18:0、n-3PUFA、C20:3(n-3)、C20:5and C22:6in maternal plasma is lower than cord plasma,whichshows the placenta transports these fatty acids through some certain mechanism againstconcentration...