| [Objective]Children and adolescents are at the most important period of growth and physical development. The physical condition is related to the quality of the whole nation’s health. Therefore, promoting children’s growth and physical development has important realistic meaning and profound historic significance. Growth and physical development is influenced by genetic factors and various environmental factors. And it follows some universal laws.With the development of economy and the improvement of people’s living standard, the growth trends of children and adolescents in our country appears to change. Through the comparison of growth level and velocity of children and adolescents aged from7to18in Shandong province from1985to2010, the article aims to reveal their growth trends and laws and discuss various factors under the background of social environment conditions in our province, then put forward the pertinent suggestions so as to provide theoretical evidence in decision-making and strategic development for the work of school health.[Subjects and methods]The sample of this study consisted of the original data of the National Surveillance of Student Physical and Health from1985to2010which is provided by the administrative department of education of Shandong province. The object was students aged from7to18.They were classified into four groups according to the seat of registered permanent residence and gender, which were boys in urban areas, girls in urban areas,boys in rural areas and girls in rural areas. The content of the study included general situation, projects of health check and indexes of physical fitness. It can reflect children’s growth level and trends aged7-18years old in the past25years in Shandong province through the comparison of the increase of physical fitness indexes and growth velocity[Results]一Basic informationThe development level of height, weight, overweight/obesity rate, chest circumference, vital capacity and the speed quality of the boys in urban areas were higher than that of the boys in rural areas (P<0.05).But the muscle strength quality and the endurance capacity development level of the boys in urban areas were significantly lower than that of the boys in rural areas(P<0.05). The development level of height, weight, chest circumference, vital capacity and the speed quality of the girls in urban areas were higher than that of the girls in rural areas(P<0.05). But the endurance capacity development level of the girls aged13to18in urban areas were significantly lower than that of the girls in rural areas(P<0.05).二growth and physical development trends1trends of growth and development level from1985to20101.1morphological indexes1.1.1The average height of the four groups increased by6.75cm,4.89cm,8.52cm and6.72cm respectively.1.1.2The average weight of the four groups increased by11.40kg,6.59kg,11.29kg and6.65kg respectively.1.1.3The overweight rate of the four groups increased by16.41%,9.99%,14.76%,10.51%respectively. And the obesity rate increased by17.07%,6.99%,14.49%,7.51%respectively.1.1.4The average chest circumference of the four groups increased by12.75cm,11.21cm,11.00cm and9.53cm respectively.1.2physiological function indexesThe average vital capacity of the boys in urban areas,girls in urban areas and girls in rural areas decreased by93.79ml,262.92ml and218.58ml respectively.But the average vital capacity of the boys in rural areas increased by74.74ml.1.3the sports quality indexes1.3.1The time for50-meter race of the boys in urban areas decreased by0.05s.But that of the girls in urban areas,boys in rural areas and girls in rural areas decreased by0.04s,0.05s and0.33s respectively.1.3.2The results of long-jump of the four groups increased by3.92cm,2.69cm,13.05cm and5.23cm respectively.1.3.3The results of slant pull-up of the boys aged7to12in urban and rural areas increased by5.99and20.11times per minute respectively. But the results of pull-up of the boys aged13to18in urban and rural areas decreased by3.77and2.34times per minute respectively. The results of sit-up of the girls in urban areas decreased by0.96times per minute and that of the girls in rural areas increased by3.20times per minute.1.3.4The time for shuttle run of the four groups aged7to12increased by14.50s,8.45s,12.86s and10.58s respectively. The time for1000-meter run of boys aged13to18in urban and rural areas increased by46.75s and44.32s respectively. And the time for800-meter run of the girls aged13to18in urban and rural areas increased by44.80s and37.57s respectively.2trends of growth velocity from1985to2010The growth velocity of the four groups decreased by0.15%,0.21%,0.27%and1.07%respectively.[Conclusions]1According to the National Surveillance of Student Physical and Health in Shandong province in2010, the gap of growth and development status still existed between urban and rural areas.2The physical form of children and adolescents aged from7to18in Shandong province showed different amplitude growth from1985to2010.The secular growth change was obvious. But growth velocity tended to slow down and overweight or obesity of children and adolescents were rising obviously. 3The vital capacity of children and adolescents aged from7to18in Shandong province showed a decline trend.4The sports quality of children and adolescents aged from7to18in Shandong province showed different characteristics from1985to2010. The explosive force quality raised with a certain degree, but the speed quality, the muscle strength quality and the endurance capacity decreased with different degrees. |
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