Superior Tempoarl Sulcus: Computaitonal Secitonal Imaging Anatomy And Three-dimensional Visualization

Background： With the advanced development of the mirconeurosurgical andneuroimaging technology, contemporary neurosurgery has changed from the traditionalclassical neural surgery craniotomy to the individual minimally invasive surgicalapproach,which centers on the lesion,and precisely locating the lesion preoperatively isthe basis of the minimally invasive surgery. From1980s, the development of Magneticresonance imaging technology made brain research in the living human being possible.To adapt tachoprogress of functional neurosurgery and microneurosurgery on accountof stereotaxis technology, we will research intensively sectional imaging anatomy ofcortical sulci in cerebral lamellar MRI image to expect it can offer important help forlocating tiny occupying lesion in cerebrum precisely, laying operation project bypreoperative and enforcing operation precisely in the course operation. The progress ofthe stereotaxis and radiological technology which are guided by neuroimaging andassisted by computer has provided feasible pathway for stereotaxis and microinvasivetreatment on local and spaced-occupied leisure in cerebral cortex.Superior temporal sulcus（STS）is most constant sulcus of cerebral cortex, itlocates at the cerebral lateral surface，which is the demarcation of the superior temporalgyrus and the middle temporal gyrus. It is starting from temporal pole and ends withangular gyrus.It’s running from down front to up rear, and its route is nearly parallelwith the horizontal part of sylvian fissure. There are some important cortical functionalzones and important branches of the middle cerebral artery arounding the Superiortemporal sulcus. There are some important structures inside the superior temporalsulcus, for instance, the temporal horn lateral ventricle, hippocampus, amygdale etc.The regions have a predilection for the cerebral inflammation, tumors and vascularlesions. To accurately identify and locate the superior temporal sulcus inthree-dimension space is the precondition for microsurgery or sterotacticThe encephalon sulci is the native markers of the brain, the aim to locate differentfunctional areas or gyri more precisely can be achieved by identifying cortical sulci,and to keep pace with the development of locating functional areas and neurosurgery atsome exent. However, research on the accurate three-dimensional allocation, theasymmetry of the superior temporal sulcus and construction of three-dimensionalvisualization of the superior temporal sulcus in cerebrum have been rarely reported.Accordingly, aim directly at above-mentioned, we have done some research andstatistical analysis and obtained some conclusions on the basis of the study of29casesof heath-adult head MRI. We hope our findings would offer quantized anatomic datafor research on developing regularity of this cerebral region,individual andhemispheric variance, relationship between architecture and function of superiortemporal sulcus, as well as stereotaxis and microinvasion psychosurgery in this area.Objective: The purposes of this study are to research the morphology of superior temporalsulcus on MR image, to establish a spatial dataset for the ascending branch of superior temporalsulcus in the Descartes coordinate system and obtain the fitting curvilinear equation of thesuperior temporal sulcus’ margclateralis, to reconstruct3D visualizational model of the superiortemporal sulcus, which can provide anatomical information of superior temporal sulcus forstereotactic,interventional radiology, microsurgical.Methods:1.29healthy adult brain cross, sagittal-sectional MRI data which were scannedaccording the AC-PC line are imported to e-film workstation in the form of Dicom3.0, thenmorphology character were observed by the technology of the “three-dimensional coursor”andlocated superior temporal sulcus in3mm continuous transverse MR image and statistics resultswere acquired.2.(1)29healthy adult brain MRI data of the cross-sectional was imported intoPhotoshop CS by form transition. Through the strict registration of the image, we canmake the coordinate system of the software coincide with the system based on AC-PCline. From the most outside point of the ascending branch of superior temporal sulcus, along the superior temporal sulcus line we get point sample per3mm on the X axis,recording the coordinates of the point (X,Y), Z values can be get through product ofmultiplication of the thickness and number of the layer. All point samples of theascending branch of superior temporal sulcus in the three-dimensional coordinates can beget finally.(2) Taking the middle point of the AC-PC line as the zero, making Y axlecoincide with AC-PC line, set up the Descartes coordinate system;29healthy adultbrain cross-sectional MRI data is imported into Photoshop through form transition.Through the strict registration of the image, we can make the coordinate system of thesoftware coincide with the Descartes coordinate system, then fetch and record thecoordinate of the superior temporal sulcus’ margclateralis. The way of fetching andrecording the coordinate of sampling point of the marginal ramus of the CS is the sameas “(1)”.Get the fitting curvilinear equation of the superior temporal sulcus projection onthe all planes by SPSS16.03. One normal adult head coronal-sectional MRI is imported into3D-Doctorworkstation on a microcomputer, segmented superior temporal sulcus, lateral ventricle,cerebral longitudinal fissure, the telencephalon with different color, reconstructingthe cerebral superior temporal sulcus tri-dimension with method of surfacereconstruction.Results:1.The superior temporal sulcus can be accurately identified on thin cross-sectional andsagittal-sectional MR images by “three-dimensional coursor”, and we can obtain the shape andlocation regularity of the superior temporal sulcus.(1) The segmentation of superior temporal sulcus on sectional MR imageThe superior temporal sulcus can be section into the horizontal branch and the ascendingbranch on sagittal-sectional MR image, there is an apparent inflection point between the twobranches, And its location on cross-sectional MR image are as following:①The range mean ofhorizontal branch: Left: Z=-27.10~2.28mm; Right: Z=-26.48~2.07mm.②The rangemean of ascending branch: Left: Z=2.28~36.41mm; Right: Z=2.07~36.41mm.(2) Analysis of the inflection point and multiserial sulci of superior temporal sulcus①Thethree dimensional coordinate values of the inflectionpoint： Left： X±S=51.78±6.6221mm，Y±S=-34.90±8.1627mm，Z±S=2.06±3.1309mmRight: X±S=-53.20±7.3935mm,Y±S=-28.34±8.8218mm，Z±S=2.24±3.1346mm②Multiserialsulciofsuperiortemporalsulcushavenoobviousdifferenceonbothsides.(3)We obtain a result of scope and span of ahead of the Y axis and the last point ofsuperior temporal sulcus in the cartesian coordinate system.2. The three-dimensional anatomy data set of the ascending branch of the superiortemporal sulcus have been constructed in the three-dimensional coordinates; The fittingcurvilinear equations of the superior temporal sulcus’ margclateralis projection on the allplanes are as following:①Onthecross-sectionLeft: X=－0.0006Y~3－0.011Y~2－0.162Y＋64.812（R=0.821,R~2=0.673,S=4.253,P<0.01）Right: X=0.0004Y~3＋0.010Y~2＋0.195Y－64.004（R=0.846,R~2=0.715,S=3.799,P<0.01）②Onthecoronal-sectionLeft: X=0.0004Z~3－0.017Z~2－0.010Z＋61.158（R=0.709,R~2=0.503,S=5.249,P<0.01）Right: X=0.0003Z~3＋0.016Z~2－0.138Z－61.966（R=0.714,R~2=0.510,S=4.980,P<0.01）③Onthesagittal-sectionLeft:Y=0.001Z~3＋0.002Z~2－2.310Z－12.430（R=0.907,R~2=0.823,S=13.463,P<0.01）Right: Y=0.001Z3＋0.008Z~2－1.959Z－11.502（R=0.894,R~2=0.799,S=13.108,P<0.01）3. We have gotten a visualization reconstruction model of the superior temporalsulcus in the whole brain, replaying their shape and location in vivo brain. Furthermore,reconstructed superior temporal sulcus could be made serial inclined planes from randomorientations or angles, and rotated by random angles.Conclusions:1.The technology of the “three-dimensional coursor” on the basis of the study ofefilm workstation on a microcomputer combined with the typical characteristics identification ofthe superior temporal sulcus helps identify the superior temporal sulcus accurately in3mmcontinuous transverse MR image. These conclusions will offer macro-anatomyinformation for research on hemispheric asymmetry, human brain developing andcortex folding regularity, as well as relationship between architecture and function.2. The three-dimensional anatomy data set of the ascending branch of the superiortemporal sulcus will provide anatomy foundation for stereotactic surgery on the development of surgical approach and interventional radiology in the area of thesuperior temporal sulcus; The fitting curvilinear equation of the superior temporal sulcus’margclateralis. projection on the all planes will contribute to research on anthropologyand body metrology, and will also help reveal secret of human brain.3.3D visualization of the superior temporal sulcus in vivo brain can displaythree-dimensional structure of the superior temporal sulcus, the relationship with theirneighbor structures and have great clinical value in stereotactic surgery, thedevelopment of surgical approach and interventional radiology; This model can be alsoapplied in the anatomy teaching.