Hubei Eastern Cotton Production Development And Analysis

This thesis present the summary of cotton production variation over the last60years in theeastern part of Hubei province according to the related database of cotton production, whichincluding cotton production developing trend,yield, total production,cost,benefit and the rolescotton production played in Hubei province. And also cotton production developmentexperience was concluded and suggestions on measures of cotton production promotion ineastern Hubei was given.The cotton cultivation techniques has changed widely in recent60years in eastern Hubeiprovince, the cropping system experienced transformation from monoculture to doublecropping system, continous cropping to rotation cropping, double cropping to multiple croppingsystem. Cotton sowing methods changed from the randomly sowing to row spacesowing,Cotton cultivars experienced from large leaves to Okra leaves, some typical ones weresuch as Deltapine15,Eguang,Ejing1,Esha28,Ejing92,Emian19,Eza10,Eza12,Gangza8and soon. The varieties yield increased gradully, the transformation process is from traditional tohybrid and to insect-resistant hybrid cotton varieties. cotton cultivation methods transformationwere mainly as following: changing from directly sowing to nutritional cube raised andtranplanted, film mulched,film mulched and transplanted.Cotton growth regulation experiencedthe changes from physical measures to the application of plant growth regulators. Generally, acotton cultivation techniques system was formed which include,suitable varieties selection,equal row space sowing, two layers of film mulched cultivation,rational density,reasonablefertilization, whole growth period chemical regulation,IPM and and four times harvest.Great changes of cotton production happened from1949up to now in eastern Hubei. Thecotton growing areas increased at beginning,and then went down. But the total productionincreased steadily,In recent years the production increased3.4times compared to which in the1950s.the cotton yields almost was doubled,which increased3.7times. the average yield is30%more than the provincial average. This area is playing more important role in cottonproducion in Hubei province.Nowadays in the eastern Hubei Province, the hybrid Anti-insect varieties bred in Hubeihold more than90percent, the plant densities decreased rapidly since2000and a turn wasmade until to2009.,the average density went up slightly to21,000per hectare. The nitrogen,phosphorus, potassium fertilizer applied per hectare, was278.7kg,133kg and196.1kgrespectively,in the ratio of1:0.5:0.7. the cotton production inputs increased since2004to7110yuan/ha in2008,and then went down to5550yuan in2009,which remained to be thehistorically high levels. The income excluding labor input reached16,745yuan/ha in2009,which is the highest in last decade, the cotton planting benefit began to rebound.In recent years, In the eastern part of Hubei province cotton production made a rapidprogress, it mainly dued to the gradually ameliorated agricultural market enviroment. The dominant varieties influence expanded and hold more and more market share, cotton high yieldcompetence contest activities implemented by the national cotton industry system, Researchand demonstration of high yield production done by the local agricultural extension andresearch department has improved the cotton cultivation techniques and production. At themeantime the cotton production in the eastern part of Hubei province encountered the commonproblems all over the country, the labor was becoming scarce, the farmer has lilttlecompetence,and the infrastructure was poor, and cotton production was easy to suffer fromnatural disasters, diseases, pests and weeds. The cotton growing scale was small and poormechanized.Cotton production sustainable development need the support of national policies, thegovernment should increase in cotton production input, ameliorate agricultual infrastructure,expand the scope of subsidies and increase subsidies of cotton production, and make thecotton mareket and price stable. Gradually push forward reform of the cotton market system,the establishment of the cotton production insurance mechanisms, improve the cotton industryinformation and technology extension network construction; Coperation between the localgovernment and cotton research institutions are in great need to promte new varieties,newtechniques to be developed, demonstrated,extended. And finally improve farmer cropmanangement skill and promote cotton production in the eastern part of Hubei province.