Research On Characteristics Of Water Morphology And Waterscape Space Of Synthesis Parks In Shanghai

Water is one of the constitutive gardening elements which is widelydistributed and attractive. There are some differences between naturalproperties of water including shape, color, image, sound, heating andcooling,which form various waterscape such as lake, river, stream,waterfall, deep pool, ice and so on. So, in order to create perfectwaterscape, appropriate water form, proper water area scale and tailoredto local conditions were the key problems. Based on deep-goinginvestigations on12synthesis parks in Shanghai, two aspects: water bodyand waterscape were studied by various methods. The chief resultsincluding characteristics of water type, water morphology, andwaterscape space could provide scientific basis for waterscapequantification design and study in Shanghai or surrounding regions,replenish and perfects the current park design standards as well.Specifically, the main contents and conclusions of research could beconsisted of following aspects:（1）By qualitative analysis of influences on water type anddistribution, it drew the characteristics of water type of synthesis parks inShanghai: present combination of Chinese and Western content style as awhole; water types were plentiful, sorted by using frequency from high tolow, the water type were punctiform stagnant water, planar stagnant water, punctiform spewing water, linear running water, punctiform falling water,linear falling water. Among all the functional zones, ornamental touristzone was distributed the most various of water types, next is culturalentertainment zone, last is tranquil rest zone.（2）Water shape was described mainly on three arguments: waterarea (Y), water area percentage (y) and fractal dimension (D1). Throughqualitative and quantitative analysis of influences on water area, theresults showed that: there was highly significant positive correlationbetween water area(Y) and green area(XG), also between water area(Y)and total area of park (XA), linear regression equations wereY=0.221XA-0.775,Y=0.329XG-0.313,separately. There was no significantpositive correlation between water area percentage (y) and its influences.Based on the regulations of proportion of park land in “Park DesignSpecification”, with linear regression equations of water area, water areapercentage y∈[19%,24.9%] was fond out. By contrasting fractaldimension of synthesis parks in Shanghai (D1)with the one of naturallakes in the eastern plain(D2), we got the conclusion: there was highlysignificant positive correlation among fractal dimension of synthesisparks in Shanghai (D1), length of waterfront (L1) and water area (A1),regression equations was Ln(L1)=0.6533Ln(Y1)+0.8418, R2>0.80. Theresult showed that the water of synthesis parks in Shanghai had aself-similarity and complex shorelines, their whole fractal dimensionD1=1.3066> D2.（3）This part of constant put particular emphasis on associatedwaterscape analysis. According to human perception of water and mentalprivacy, limited the range of associated waterscape space to a horizontaldistance of about40miles to shoreline. On the base of some research results of environmental psychology and environment-behavior, and theresults of investigation on12synthesis parks in Shanghai, the associatedwaterscape space was divided into two kinds: reliable environmentalspace and unreliable environmental space at the next level of abstraction.By means of commenting further on spatial relationships with water,modular way, type of activities the spaces mainly carrying, and adaptationto weather, generalise the basic patterns of associated waterscape space.In terms of the distribution along waterfront about these two kinds ofspaces, associated waterscape space of12synthesis parks in Shanghaiwere mostly unreliable environmental space based, the shoreline’s lengthpercentage is60.7%. In the associated punctiform waterscape, theshoreline’s length percentage of reliable environmental space is34.4%,most formal pools were surrounded with reliable environmental space; Inthe associated linear waterscape, the shoreline’s length percentage ofreliable environmental space is33.8%; In the associated planarwaterscape, the shoreline’s length percentage of reliable environmentalspace is46.3%,relatively higher than the first two kinds of water.All the conclusions may have some limitation due to the qualifyingpark’s area and small sample size which were only12parks selected inthis article, which ones were all in the centre of the city and their flatshapes were close to squares.