Studies On The Applications Of Stone Carvings To The Modern Landscape Design In South Fujian

The culture of stone carvings is part of the culture of South Fujian, stonecarvings are widely used on many buildings and landscape in South Fujian area.Although the stone carvings widely used in the modern landscape of South Fujian, butthe there have been some problems, such as lack of innovative design of carvingsstone, excessively pursuiting imitation and not well fusion between stone carvings andthe overall landscape planning. In this paper，aiming at these problems and previousstudies, taking stone carvings as the research object, survey and data collection werefirst conducted in some gardens and greenbelts of South Fujian area, then theapplications of stone carvings to the modern landscape of South Fujian weresystematically analysed， and the scenery gimmicks of stone carvings in modernlandscape of south Fujian were further summarized, and the landscape evaluationsystem of stone carvings was also established, and finally the problems of design andapplications of modern stone carvings landscape in South Fujian were analysed, andsome corresponding countermeasures were proposed. The main results were asfollows:1. The outline of the art of stone and stone carvings.The related concepts of stone carvings and the stone art and the relationship anddifference between them were expounded. There were both uniformity anddifferences between stone carving and stone art, and the knowledge of the relationshipand differences of the stone carvings and art of stone was necessary for landscapedesign of stone carvings. At the same time, the culture of stone carving was alsoanalyzed. The classical philosophy connotation of Chinese landscape stone cultureand stone culture of Japanese landscape and the western landscape were expounded;the development of the stone carvings was divided into3phases—sprouting period ofthe Stone Age in Ancient China, the climax of Qin and Tang dynasty and thepersonalized period of the modern stone carvings；the themes of creation of the stone carvings were rich and colorful. Finally，the ore of stone and processing techniqueswere introducd.2. Analyses of the relationship between the the stone carvings andmodern landscape.The relationship between the the stone carvings and modern landscape wereanalysed mainly from2respects—the role of stone carvings in the modern landscapeand the influence of modern landscape on the stone carvings. The environment of thestone carvings in modern landscape were comprehensive and wide, which mainlyserviced for the public such as the green space of city square, the green space ofresidential area, the green space of public institutions and road. Stone carvings ofmodern landscape in south Fujian had the functions of spatial organization, enrichingthe space, foil, balancing and using. The body was an important art language oflandscape stone carvings, the space was a common art language of landscape stonecarvings, and the material was the most basic and essential art language in landscapestone carvings. The influences of the modern landscape on stone carvings weremainly embodied in the applications of environmental space, i.e., the current stonecarvings were commonly used in outdoor open space, and the modern stone carvingstended to be more abstract, etc.3. Survey of the application status of modern landscape stonecarvings in south Fujian area.There were total220samples in this survey, the main content of this surveyincluded the color of stone carvings, the dimensional form and body performance ofstone carvings, the themes of stone carvings, the surface processing and materials ofstone carvings, the combination of stone carvings and other garden elementsarrangement, the arrangement of stone carvings. Results showed that yellow stonecarvings were the most, red stone carvings were the fewest; reliefs were the fewestwith only3%of the overall, and full reliefs were most with60%of the overall; thestone carvings of theme of life custom were the most in the landscape, and the stonecarvings of theme of social development were the fewest; in the investigations ofsurface form of stone carvings, the inferior smooth surface of stone carvings were themost widely used. 4. Discussion of the applications and design of stone carvings in themodern landscape of South Fujian.The main forms of stone carvings in South Fujian modern landscape designincluded wall sign, bridge, pavilion, balustrade, garden lamp, floor covering and so on.The modern landscape design principles of stone carvings in South Fujian included thethe cultural transmission principle, ecological environmental protection principle andbeauty art principle. At last, the combination of modern garden stone carvings in thesouth Fujian and other elements of gardens were analyzed, and a detailed explanationof the scenery gimmicks of stone carvings with plant, water, building and the gardenroad was made.5. Analyses and evaluation of the scenery gimmicks of stone carvingsin modern landscape of South Fujian by the Scenic BeautyEstimation method.The Scenic Beauty Estimation method was used for analysis and evaluation ofthe scenery gimmicks of stone carvings in modern landscape of South Fujian. Themian evaluation groups included the group of the professional students for thelandscape, the group of the non-professional students for the landscape and the expertgroup. The4evaluating factors were stone carvings and waterscape, stone carvingsand plants, stone carvings and architectures, stone carvings and garden road. ScenicBeauty Estimation indicated that there was a significant relationship between thegroup of professional students and the group of non-professional personnel; therefore,the group of the professional students for the landscape was determined as thestandard of appraisal. In the the evaluation of the professional students group, for thestone carvings and waterscape, the students paid more attention to relationship of thestone carvings and waterscape and the skill of stone carvings; for stone carvings andarchitectures, the students gave the highest score to stone carvings which werereasonable fusion with garden architectures; for stone carvings and garden road, thestudents emphasized the general effect of landscape between the garden road andthestone carvings; for stone carvings and plants, the best reflection of students was thestone carvings and plants ‘6’ which had the most reasonable proportion and scale inthis landscape photo. 6. The existing problems of application and design of stone carvingsin South Fujian landscape and the corresponding countermeasures.The main problems included less innovation stone carving, the lack of stonecarvings in overall landscape layout, the high cost of stone carvings, the reduction ofmineral resources, the lack of maintenance management, improper design dimension,the lack of the beauty of artistic conception, etc. To solve these problems, thecorresponding measures were proposed as follows: improving designing innovation ofthe stone carvings, reducing imitation, paying attention to the whole coordination ofthe stone carvings and gardens, using synthetic stone, redoubling efforts to latermaintenance of landscape stone carvings, culturing the compound talents with stonecarving design and landscape design professional abilities, paying attention to thedimension design of landscape stone carvings and artistic conception beauty positionperformance.