Study On The Daoism’s Origin And Connotation Of Ming And Qing Dynasty’s Private Garden

Taoism theory, Taoist and Internal alchemy are three aspects of Daoism. Daoism is one of the three pillars of the China traditional culture. It had a profound and permanent influence on every aspect of the culture of China. Especially, the philosophy and aesthetics of classical Chinese garden, have been branded by Daoism deeply, not only temple garden, but also royal and private ones. Daoism has made combination of classical Chinese garden on form and on spirit, which have influenced permanently on planning layout, garden style, design means, aesthetic perceive degree and artistic proposition. Especially after Tang and Song dynasty, as literary directly involved in gardening activity increasing, the influence of Daoism on classical garden has been deeper and more popular. But for a long time, the research on this field has not been penetrated into by the academe, so that there are lots of blank even mistaken opinions.In order to make up the regret, the thesis begins research by the core method of philological research and field survey, to explore the deep-seated combination between Daoism and classical Chinese garden and to explore the concrete expressive form, consciously using contemporary philosophical methods such as structuralism, hermeneutic etc.. In order to analyzing the Daoism’s influence on classical Chinese garden deeply and comprehensively, the thesis explains the mental process and culture characteristic of Daoism according to three aspects of Daoism. It explores the influence on social cultural mentality, landscape art spirit, and analyzes the special cultural phenomenon which Daoism had influenced on temple garden, royal garden and private garden in every period. It concludes macroscopically many important influences on the spirit imagery of garden, aesthetic perceive degree and so on. And it takes Ming and Qing Dynasty’s private garden as an idiographic example to research, investigates the combination between Daoism and Ming and Qing Dynasty’s private garden, and exposes influence on the perfect personality of Zhongyin and garden conception of Ming and Qing’s Scholars by Daoism:(1)"Haishangxianshan" is a permentent partten of all the methods of garden.It can be used not only in royal garden and temple garden, but also in private garden.(2) The naural style is invariant in building the classical Chinese garden, which has big differences from the western artificial style.(3) The layout of Yin-yang complementarity is full of the classical garden, especially in every aspect of Ming and Qing Dynasty’s private garden.(4) Facing the dearth of today’s urban land, the legend of "Huzhongtiandi" in Taoism provides the inspiration to the miniaturization development of the landscape.(5) In the state of the appreciation of landscape, no matter the communication between objects and me just like "Haopuyule", the graceful and pleasant beauty like "Xizipengxin", the speechless and fantastic surroundings like " Luohuawuyan", the intangible feelings or regarding "Zhuolao" as beauty are formed under the lead of the Taoism. All of them became the classic scenery of classical gardens.