Risk Assessment For The Ecological Safety Of Wetlands Under The Condition Of Pharmaceutical Sewage Discharge

As the important department of the earth, accounting for14.7percent of the entire ecosystem, the wetlands can not only conserve water, reduce flooding and drought and other natural disasters, but also play a buffer role in environmental change.Recent decades, the global wetland area has substantially reduced, in a short span of30years, in China, it has been reduced by one-third, accounting for the entire land area only4%which is less than the world average. In addition to the expansion of urbanization, climate changing, destruction, poor awareness of protection, environmental pollution and other factors, industrial pollution is one of the reasons for the wetlands reducing, especially the discharge of sewage of the pharmaceutical industry on the wetlands which is an extremely serious damage to the ecological security. Large amount, high toxicity, refractory and high antibiotic contents is generally characteristic of water pollutants for the pharmaceutical industry, with economic development, their emissions on wetland ecological security become increasingly inevitable.There has been more than5000pharmaceutical industries in China, their sewage discharge accounted for2%of the entire industry, which has become one of the key industries of China’s environmental protection plan and management. With the development of biomedical technology and the continuous improvement of health standards requirements, the number and product of the pharmaceutical companies are in constant expansion. In order to avoid polluting the city, make sewage discharging conveniently, and be away from the monitoring of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, many small pharmaceutical companies will be built near the wetlands around the city, the sewage that they produced is high concentration, deep color, high toxicity, etc, which will seriously pollute the wetlands ecosystem and cause serious harm to the ecological balance of its biological.In this paper, a mixed pharmaceutical factory that discharges pharmaceutical wastewater by direct discharging type is studied, which is located in the south of Zhao Jiatun marsh edge(0.3km distance in a straight line, the distance of Longfeng Wetland Protection Area less than6km), Longfeng District in Daqing City, by the biology divisions survey of the pharmaceutical wastewater discharge port, correlation analysis, combined with the dose effect relationship experiment between waste water and target creature, screening microorganisms, protozoa, algae and such5kinds of indicators biology, on the basis of the dose-effect function relationship between pharmaceutical wastewater and effective bio-indicator, through a variety of indicators biology, fit function value, correct and determinate the environmental risks of the pharmaceutical factory wastewater discharge port. Taking into account that heavy metal content than the major in the water pollutants of the mixing and formulation category pharmaceutical companies, calibrate the sparrow health level and the corresponding heavy metal (lead, chromium) content by using the sparrow body organization antioxidant enzymes level, Push outside the risk of the pharmaceutical wastewater in accordance with the good linear relationship between spatial distance and heavy metal content.By the screening experiments of indications biology, ultimately derived that Klebsiella sp and the methane-oxidizing bacteria as the effective instructions microorganisms, Euglena and Paramecium as the effective instructions protozoa, the Cyclotella meneghiniama as the valid indications plants. And the fitting function of the concentration of the remaining wastewater are as follows:y=-0.335x3+0.245x2+0.064x+0.311、 y=-1.63x4+2.908x3-1.783x2+0.299x+0.276、y=-0.696x+0.9263、y=-0.64x+0.8493、y=0.1635x+0.0028, further, infer the pharmaceutical wastewater point sources of risk level range is0-.175no risk,0.175-0.5low risk,0.5-0.9medium risk,0.9-1high-risk,>1high-risk; the results of the extrapolation of surrounding pharmaceutical environmental risks:0-9.41km outside away from the waste water discharge port is high risk, the9.41km-23.78km medium risk,32.78km-39.44km low-risk, more than39.44km no risk.In this study, by analyzing the risk of pharmaceutical sewage, from the quantitative screening of pharmaceutical indicators biology to quantitative analysis the pharmaceutical wastewater risk, not only analyzed the risk of the pharmaceutical wastewater to the surrounding wetland ecological environment, but also provided scientific analysis method of monitoring the pharmaceutical wastewater for the Ministry of environmental protection, for the early warning and forecasting of the pharmaceutical wastewater, provided a scientific basis, to a certain extent, effectively reduced the hazards of the pharmaceutical wastewater to the ecosystem and human health.