Research On Ecological Compensation Of Coal Resource Development

Energy and environment are two kinds of basic and decisive materials for the national economic development; however, they are also the bottlenecks to restrict the stable social development. For the China’s energy condition of abundant coal, lean oil, and lack of natural gas, the coal resource is determined to be the dominant energy resources in energy production and consumption structure of China. With the development of industrialization and growth of population, the great demand and exploitation of coal resource will not only lead to the reduction gradually of coal reserves, or even to be dried up, but also cause serious pollution and destruction on the fragile ecological environment in the mining area. With the negative effects in resources and environment brought by coal resource exploitation, ecological compensation research in the coal resource development is a way to seek rapid economic development and environmental benefits with lower resources and social cost; the establishment of ecological compensation mechanism is one of the important measures to guarantee the efficient restoration of ecology and environment in mining area, and it also has important practical significance to promote environmental protection, management, restoration and reconstruction.On the base of the literature review of ecological compensation and ecological compensation mechanism in and abroad, five basic theories on ecological compensation were summarized, and the concepts of ecological compensation and the ecological compensation mechanism were defined. Then the present situation of coal resources development, ecological environment and the ecological compensation in mining area were analyzed specially, and ecological compensation mechanism in coal resource development was constructed on the bases of above analysis. Taking the Lvliang region as the example, the ecological compensation mechanism was built in a more concrete condition. Thus, the countermeasures of establishing ecological compensation mechanism in coal resource development area were put forward, and this laid theoretical foundation for ecological environment management and restoration activities in the national coal mining area.There are three parts of main body in this paper. Firstly, with a view on the condition of national coal development, this paper specially analyzed the environmental pollution and ecological destruction caused by coal resource development, and gave a description of laws and activities that were carried out in ecological compensation in coal mining area. It was shown that there are some problems in the process of ecological compensation and the establishment of ecological compensation in coal resource development was indispensable. Secondly, on the base of five principles of ecological compensation mechanism, the implementation mechanism was built up after illustration of the subject, object and implementation ways of ecological compensation; then the pricing mechanism was constructed with ecological compensation standard pricing model as the core content; at the last but not least, the ecological compensation regulation mechanism was established on the basic exposition of guarantee mechanism, management mechanism and supervision mechanism in the ecological compensation. Thirdly, the ecological mechanism of coal resources development in Lvliang area was constructed according to the specific condition, then some countermeasures was put forward.The main innovation in this paper are the construction of three ecological compensation mechanisms such as pricing mechanism, implementation mechanism, and regulation mechanism, and description of ecological compensation mechanism structure. Taking Lvliang area as an example to analyze and calculated the ecological compensation standard using the pricing modes was an innovation point and a difficulty.