Taxonomic Studies On Three Groups Of Saprobic Hyphomycetes From China

Hyphomycetes are the fungi which usually have been found in forest and some other complicated environments. A lot of mycologists devoted their life to taxon this group of fungus. Althougth many problems have been solved in the past years, the developments of the research have been delayed due to the taxonomic system changed frequently. The different viewpoints and taxonomic criterion are also the questions waiting to be further checked.Forest litter, rotten wood and fallen leaves have been collected from several places in China, which included Bawangling National Forest Park, Tropical Botanical Garden in Danzhou, Na Lihu Scenic Area, and Taurus Mountain Park in Hainan. Huolushan Forest Park in Guangzhou, Damingshan National Forest Park in Guangxi, Wangyedian Forest Farm in Inner Mongolia, Miyun in Beijing. Kunyushan Forest Park, Yangmadao beach in Shandong. The investigation is aimed to survey three population of hyphomycetes on genus and species level, including several genera of aero-aquatic fungi, helicosporous hyphomycetes and dictyosporous hyphomycete. It is also introduced the regular distribution pattern of hypomycetes.About300specimens were collected. After series of researches,57species of36genera were discovered. Helicoma chlamydosporum and Zygosporium oscheoides are new records in China. Three kinds of these fungi have been characterized, including3species belong to3genera of aero-aquatic fungi,22species belong to5genera of Helicosporous hyphomycetes and32species belong to28genera of Dematiaceous hyphomycetes respectively. The mainly general and species are described and illustrated morphologically.The diversity survey of aero-aquatic fungi including Candelabrum brocchiatum, Helicodendron hyalinum, Spirosphuera floriformis. The diversity survey of helicosporous hyphomycetes including Cirrenulia nigrospora, Helicomu chlamydosponim, Helicoma dennisii, Helicomyces denticulatus, Helicomyces hyderabadensis, Helicomyces macrofilamentosus, Helicomyces roseus, Helicosporium aureum, Helicosporium lumbricopsis, Helicosporium murimim, Xenosporium africanum and some other species. The diversity survey of dematiaceous hyphomycetes are Junewangiu globulosa, Alternariaster helianthi, Canalisporium caribense, Cunalisporium pulchrum, Cryptophiale udagawae, Cunularia lunata, Hermatomyces tucumanensis, Monodictys cerebriformis, Zygosporium oscheoides.On the base of the above work, classification criteria and own categories view on some genus and species were summarized:1. In the process of artificial culture, strains were changed depending on culture medium, culture temperature, humidity and other conditions, therefore, the form of conidia were different from those in natural substrate, the morphological characteristics of conidia in natural substrate were the main basis for identification. And the ones in culture medium were supplementary materials in identification.2. External conditions, such as the ecological environment and saprophytic matrix, were important for identification, for example, aero-aquatic fungi always parasitized in rotting foliage sedimentated on the edge of streams or ponds, they growing at the bottom of the water while their conidia floating on the water. Helicosporous hyphomycetes often located in humid environments, and those fungi were normally saprophytic on plant debris, rotting wood and branches in corruption.3. Different types of fungi have different classification criteria, for example, aero-aquatic fungi and helicosporous hyphomycetes could be first largely determined by environments, and secondly by the form of mycelium and spores, extended style of generator cell and the trait of sporophore. Dictyosporic hyphomycetes were determined by the number of conidia diaphragm and how to separate, included its mode of germination and some other charecters..4. For most species, the size of conidia, the color of colonies and the growth characteristics were indicative for classification of congener species in the same genus, but for a few species, it was not enough only through the above features, the size ol conidia and the number of septum should be measured and counted carefully, the surface microhyla feature of adjunct, including basal celis, should be identified.Helicomu chlamydosponim and Zygosporium oscheoides are first reported in China. All specimens are deposited in the laboratory of Microbiology department of College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University.