Taxonomic Studies On Dead Wood Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes From Tropical And Subtropical Regions Of China:I

China has a vast territory, complex ecological environment and vegetation structure types. It accumulates a deep woody debris layer to constitute a rich habitat for fungi, which contains a wide range of dematiaceous hyphomycetes. However, these hyphomycetous fungi are still mostly unexplored in China, and lack the systematic investigation and classification at genera and species level. Through collecting specimens of dead branches from the forest of different habitats and vegetation types in tropical and subtropical regions (including Hainan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and Sichuan provinces), based on the traditional taxonomy, with the aid of microscopic and photography, combining the characteristics of morphology, ecology and biology, we carried out the taxonomic studies on26genera of dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Meanwhile, we revised and perfected the generic concept of Lomaantha Subram., clarified the disorder of species among the genera including Sporidesmiella, Hemicorynespora and Pseudospiropes, supplied or perfected the classification keys of all known species or Chinese known species of Acrogenospora and other12genera, correctly described and identified31new species,4new records genera to China,18new records species to China,43Chinese known species, and enriched the numbers of dead wood dematiaceous hyphomycetes. All those results could provide experience accumulation and valuable suggestions for taxonomic studies of many other dead wood dematiaceous hyphomycetes, and have significance to the exploration of their diversity and accumulation of fungal resources.The described new species, new Chinese records and Chinese known species are as follows:31new species are:Acrogenospora hainanensis Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang, Corynesporopsis liquidambaris Jian Ma&X.G.Zhang, Ellisembia photiniae Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang, E. podocarpi Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang, E. schimae Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang, Endophragmiella gardeniae Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang, E. liquidambaris Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang, E. machili Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang, Hemicorynespora dimocarpi Jian Ma&X.G.Zhang, Heteroconium phellodendri Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang, Linkosia hibisci Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang, Lomaantha phragmitis Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang, Minimelanolocus linderae Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang. M. mori Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang, Neosporidesmium antidesmae Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang, N. malloti Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang, N. xanthophylli Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang, Pseudospiropes linderae Jian Ma, X.G.Zhang&R.F.Castaneda, Solicorynespora cryptocaryae Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang, S.fici Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang,S. ligustri Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang, S. linderae Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang, S. machili Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang, S. melicopes Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang. Sporidesmiella archidendri Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang.5. machili Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang. S. rosae Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang, Sporidesmium anlidesmatis Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang. S. liquidambaris Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang, S. machili Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang. Stanjehughesia micheliae Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang.4new Chinese record genera are: Hemicorynespora M.B. Ellis, Heteroconium Petr.. Solicorynespora R.F. Castaneda&W.B. Kendr., Stephembruneria R.F. Castaneda.18new Chinese record species are: Acrogenospora gigantospora S. Hughes, Corynesporopsis indica P.M. Kirk, C. quercicola (Borowska) P.M. Kirk, C. uniseptata P.M. Kirk, Endophragmiella curvata (Corda) S. Hughes, E. eboracensis B. Sutton. Hemicorynespora clavata G.Delgado, Mercado&J.Mena, Heteroconium arundicum Chowdhry, H. decorosum R.F. Castaneda, Saikawa&Guarro, Minimelanolocus hughesii (M.B.Ellis) R.F.Castaneda&Heredia, M. olivaceus R.F.Castaneda&Guarro, Nakalaea fusispora (Matsush.) Matsush., Pseudospiropes coslaricensis (E.F. Morris) dc Hoog&Arx. Solicorynespora pseudolmediae (R.F. Castaneda) R.F. Castaneda&W.B. Kendr...S. sylxalicu R.F. Castaneda. Heredia. R.M. Arias&Guarvo. Sporidesmiopsis dennisii (J.L. Crane&Dumont) Bhat, W.B. Kendr.&Nag Raj, Sporidesmium takashii Subram., Stephembruneria elegans R.F. Castaneda.43Chinese known species are: Acrogenospora sphaerocephala (Berk.&Broome) M.B. Ellis, Corynespora beilschmiediae K. Zhang&X.G. Zhang, C. citricola M.B. Ellis, C. euryae Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang, C. lanneicola Deighton&M.B. Ellis, C. merrilliopanacis Z.Q. Shang&X.G. Zhang. C. myrioneuronis Jian Ma&X.G. Zhang. C. phylloshureae X.G. Zhang&J.J. Xu, C. lectnnae X.G. Zhang&Ch.K. Shi, Corynesporella obclavata L.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang. Dendryphiopsis arbuscula (Berk.&M.A. Curtis) S. Hughes, D. atra (Corda) S. Hughes, Diplocladiella alta R. Kirschner&Chee J. Chen, D. scalaroides G. Arnaud ex M.B. Ellis, Ellisembia bambusicola (M.B. Ellis) J. Mena&G. Delgado, E. filia W.P. Wu, E. paravaginata McKenzie, E. vaga (Nees&T. Nees) Subram., E. vaginata McKenzie, Endophragmiella rostrata P.M. Kirk, E. triseptala K.M. Tsui. Goh, K.D. Hyde&Hodgkiss, Exserticlava triseptata (Matsush.) S. Hughes, E. vasiformis (Matsushima) Hughes Helernconium fici L.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang. H. schimae Y.D. Zhang&X.G. Zhang, Linkosia fusiformis W.P. Wu, Paradendryphiopsis cambrensis M.B. Ellis, Pleurolheciopsis websteri Cazau, Aramb.&Cabello, Solicorynespora foveolata (Pat.) Shirouzu&Y. Harada, Sporidesmiella claviformis P.M. Kirk, S. hyalosperma var. hyalosperma (Corda) P.M. Kirk, S. parva var. parva (M.B. Ellis) P.M. Kirk, Sporidesmium altum (Preuss) M.B. Ellis, S. coprophilum Matsush., S. ghanaense M.B. Ellis, S. longiro stratum M.B, Ellis, S. nodipes (Penz.&Sacc.) S. Hughes, S. novozymium W.P. Wu, S. parvum (S. Hughes) M.B. Ellis, S. pedunculatum (Peck) M.B. Ellis, S. rhaphidophorae K. Zhang&X.G. Zhang, S. tengii W.P. Wu, Synnemacrodictys stilboidea (J. Mena&Mercado) W.A. Baker&Morgan-Jones.All the specimens are deposited in Herbarium of Shandong Agricultural University, Plant Pathology (HSAUP) and Mycological Herbarium, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (HMAS).Fungi imperfect is an independent taxonomical group, its taxonomic studies is mainly based on morphological characteristics of the asexual stage. However, the weight of the criteria used for genera or species delimitation has a fine difference due to mycologist holding different taxonomical views. Based on continuing study of dematiaceous hyphomycetes occurring on dead branches, and carefully reading many documents, we summarized and put forward the criteria of taxonomic studies of dead wood dematiaceous hyphomycetes.①The taxonomic classification of dematiaceous hyphomycetes that saprobes on dead branches or rotten wood should be mainly based on the morphological characteristics from the natural substrates. Culture feature and sporulation pattern can be used as a necessary complement for identification.②The type of conidiomata, the method of extension of conidiogenous cells/conidiophores, and conidiogenous pattern are key to distinguish hyphomycetes at genus level; the characteristics of conidiogenous loci, the mode of conidial secession (schizolytic/rhexolytic) and outstanding features such as euseptation/distoseptation, solitary/catenate are occasionally used as the criteria for identification at generic level; the branching pattern of conidiophores (penicillate or verticillate), shape of conidiogenous cells, presence of sterile setae and stroma, and other features are also useful to distinguish a few genera.③Conidial morphology including shape, size, pigmentation, septation, ornamentation and appendage are the basic criteria in distinguishing species. Among similar species, the common, outstanding conidial morphological characteristics are also help with genera circumscribed. The presence or absence, the forming sequence and position of septation are also considered as one of criteria in distinguishing species or genera for different species or genera that have stable differences.④For the criteria in distinguishing species, conidial shape are regarded as primary criteria, conidial size and septation as second criteria, and conidial appendage, pigmentation and ornamentation usually as third criteria.