Taxonomic Studies On Fallen Dead Wood Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes From Seven Provinces In South China

China has a large territory, complicated ecological environment and vegetation structure.There is a deep woody debris layer to be a rich habitat for fungi, containing a wide range ofdematiaceous hyphomycetes. However, the hyphomycetous fungi are still mostly unexploredin China, and the systematic investigation and classification at genera and species level arenecessary. By means of collecting dead branches from the forests of different habitats andvegetation in tropical and subtropical regions (mainly including Hainan, Yunnan, Guangdong,Guangxi, Fujian and Sichuan provinces), based on the traditional taxonomy, with the aid ofmicroscopy and photography, using the characteristics of morphology, we carried out thetaxonomic studies on43genera of anamorphic hyphomycete fungi. Meanwhile, wereviewedthe generic concept of Corynesporella Munjal&H.S. Gill, added new species and madeclarifications in the genera including Nakataea, Heteroconium, Solicorynespora, Spadicoides,improved the classification keys of related species of Gangliostilbe and some other genera,correctly described and identified30new species,2new Chinese record genera,24newChinese records,27Chinese known species, and enriched the numbers of dead wooddematiaceous hyphomycetes in China. These results could provide experience accumulationfor taxonomic studies of other dematiaceous hyphomycetes, and have significance for theexploration of their diversity on fungal resources.The described new species, new Chinese records and Chinese known species are asfollows:30new species are: Corynespora fujianensis L.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang, Craspedodidymumfujianense L.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang, Corynesporella obclavata L.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang,Corynesporella trisepata L.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang, Diplococcium livistonae L.G. Ma&X.G.Zhang, Endophragmiella clausenae L.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang, Endophragmiella pentaphylacisL.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang, Gangliostilbe yunnanensis L.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang, Guedeaguangdongense L.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang, Heteroconium fici L.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang,Heteroconium tsoongiodendronis L.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang, Heteroconium yunnanensis L.G.Ma&X.G. Zhang, Nakataea obclavata L.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang, Nakataea guangdongenseL.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang, Nakataea sichuanense L.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang, Pseudospiropesyunnanense L.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang, Pleurophragmium ellipsoidea L.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang,Pleurophragmium yunnanensis L.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang, Pleurophragmium clavata L.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang, Phaeomonilia yunnanense L.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang, Pleurotheciopsissichuanense L.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang, Repetophragma guangdongense L.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang, Sporidesmiella yunnanensis L.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang, Sporidesmiella sichuanensis L.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang, Spadicoides yunnanensis L.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang, Spadicoides camelliae L.G.Ma&X.G. Zhang, Spadicoides bacilliformis L.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang, Sporidesmiumyunnanensis L.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang, Solicorynespora lasianthi L.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang,Solicorynespora biseptata L.G. Ma&X.G. Zhang.2new Chinese record genera are: Moorella P.Rag. Rao&D. Rao, Stephembruneria R.F.Casta eda.24new Chinese record species are: Bahusutrabeeja globosa Bhat&W.B. Kendr.,Chaetendophragmia britannica P.M. Kirk, Craspedodidymum proliferans V. Rao&de Hoog,Ceratosporella novae-zelandiae S. Hughes, Corynesporopsis cylindrica B. Sutton, Cordanalithuanica Markovsk., Cryptophiale guadalcanalensis Matsush., Cryptophiale iriomoteanumMatsush., Cryptophiale udagawae Piroz.&Ichinoe, Dischloridium ychaffrei (Bhat&B.Sutton) Hol.-Jech., Diplococcium pulneyense Subram.&Sekar, Exserticlava uniseptata Bhat&B. Sutton, Endophragmiella corticola P.M. Kirk, Guedea sacra Rambelli&Bartoli,Heteroconium decorosum R.F. Casta eda,Saikawa&Guarro, Heteroconium ponapenseMatsush., Kylindria excentrica Bhat&B. Sutton, Kylindria obesispora R.F. Casta eda,Melanocephala cupulifera S. Hughes, Moorella monocephala Matsush., Pseudospiropeshachijoensis Matsush., Sporidesmiella pseudoseptata (M.B. Ellis) Subram., Spadicoidesaustraliensis Whitton,K.D. Hyde&McKenzie, Stephembruneria elegans R.F. Casta eda.27Chinese known species are: Arachnophora hughesii R.F. Casta eda&Guarro,Coronospora uniseptata Matsushima, Ceratosporella stipitata (Goidanich) S. Hughes,Corynesporopsis quercicola (Borowska) P.M. Kirk, Corynesporopsis isabelicae Hol.-Jech.,Dendryphiopsis atra (Corda) S. Hughes, Digitoramispora tambdisurlensis Pratibha,Raghuk.&Bhat, Endophragmiella pulchra (B. Sutton&Hodges) P.M. Kirk, Guedea novae-zelandiaeHugues, Guedea ovata Morgan-Jones,R.C. Sinclair&Eicker, Exserticlava triseptata(Matsush.) S. Hughes, Hermatomyces tucumanensis Speg., Ityorhoptrum verruculosum (M.B.Ellis) P.M. Kirk, Morrisiella indica Saikia&A.K. Sarbhoy, Minimelanolocus chimonanthiY.D. Zhang&X.G. Zhang, Listeromyces insignis Penz.&Sacc., Minimelanolocus olivaceusR.F.Casta eda&Guarro, Paradendryphiopsis cambrensis M.B. Ellis, Pseudospiropescostaricensis (E.F. Morris) de Hoog&Arx, Podosporium nilgirense (Subram.) M.B. Ellis,Sporidesmiella claviformis P.M. Kirk, Spadicoides bambusicola D.Q. Zhou,Goh&K.D.Hyde, Spadicoides versiseptatis M.K.M. Wong,Goh&K.D. Hyde, Sporidesmium parvum (S.Hughes) M.B. Ellis, Sporidesmium acutisporum M.B. Ellis, Sporidesmiopsis dennisii (J.L.Crane&Dumont) Bhat,W.B. Kendr.&Nag Raj, Tretospeira ugandensis (Hansf) Pirozynski All specimens are deposited in Herbarium of Shandong Agricultural University, Plant Pathology (HSAUP), and Mycological Herbarium, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (HMAS).Anamorphic fungi is an independent taxonomic group, its taxonomic studies are mainly based on morphological characteristics of asexual stage. However, the criteria used for genera or species delimitation has a difference due to mycologist keeping different taxonomical views. Based on the continuing studies of dematiaceous hyphomycetes occurring on dead branches, and carefully reading documents, we summarize and point out the criteria of taxonomic studies of anamorphic hyphomycetes.①The taxonomic classification of dematiaceous hyphomycetes on dead branches or rotten wood should be based on the morphological characteristics on natural substrates. Culture features can be used as a necessary complement for identification.②The conidiomata type, the extension of conidiogenous cells/conidiophores, and the conidiogenesis pattern are key to distinguish hyphomycetes at genus level; the characteristics of conidiogenous loci, the conidial secession (schizolytic/rhexolytic) and features such as euseptation/distoseptation, solitary/catenate conidia are occasionally used as the criteria for identification at generic level; the branching pattern of conidiophores, conidiogenous cells shape, presence or absence of sterile setae and stroma, are also useful to distinguish a few genera.③Conidial morphology, including shape, size, pigmentation, septation, ornamentation and appendages are the main criteria in distinguishing species. The common, outstanding and stable conidial morphological characteristics are also helpful with genera level. The presence or absence, the forming sequence, and position of septation are also considered as one of criteria in distinguishing genera or species for different genera or species that have stable differences.④For the criteria of distinguishing species, conidial shape, conidial size and septation are regarded as primary criteria, and conidial appendage, pigmentation and ornamentation are usually the secondary criteria.