Preliminary Study Of Morphology Classification And Phylogeny Of The Subfamily Larirnae (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) From Chongqing

The subfamily Larrinae belongs to Arthropoda, Insecta, Hymenoptera, Sphecidae.The species of Larrinae are important natural enemies of insects. An preliminaryinvestigation was carried out on the Larrinae resources in Chongqing. According toidentification of their morphological characteristics,13new record species areidentified from Chongqing belonging to3tribes,7genera. By means of using48morphological characteristics, and analytical methods of Phylip, phylogeneticrelationships among genera and species in Larrinae are analyzed. We successfullyobtained28S rDNA D2sequences of10species of Larrinae and constructed thesystematics tree of Larrinae with sequence datas of another8homologous species fromGenbank. The major findings and results were as follows:1. Taxonomy of Larrinae. This is firstly the systematic report of Larrinae inChongqing.There were13species of Larrinae, belonging to7genera of3tribes. Wedescribed each species in detail, took the appropriate characteristic photo, and recordedthe locations of specimens. Keys to the genera and to the known species fromChongqing are given.2. A preliminary study of the phylogenetic of Larrinae. By means of using48morphological characteristics, phylogenetic relationships of13species of Larrinae areanalyzed. The results showed that the phylogenetic tree is consistent with the Bohart&Menke （1976）. The main difference is branch location of Miscophini. The studysuggests that Miscophini and Larrini is a sister group. Bohart&Menke （1976）suggests Miscophini and Trypoxylonini is a sister group. This study suggests thatMiscophini seems should be as a subtribe of Larrini.3. A preliminary study of the molecular systematics of Larrinae. In this study,13species of Larrinae are seen as an interested group,4species of Nassoninae and1species of Braconidae are seen as a comprehensive outgroup. By homology comparisonfor28S rDNA D2gene sequence of18species of insects, The results show: there aresmall differences in A+T and G+C contents of Larrinae and Nassoninae. The basecomposition are slightly biased towards the C+G content. The range of variation of genetic distance between a variety of species of Larrinae is0.009~0.181, and the rangeof Homology is0.819~0.991. In the28S rDNA D2gene mutation from the18speciesof insects, nucleotide substitutions showed significant differences,Transitional Rate isFaster than Transversional Rate.There is a general linear relationship betweenp-distance and Transitional Pairs, Transversional Pairs.No saturation trend, there is astrong phylogenetic signal data.28S rDNA D2gene in the systematic study can be usedas molecular markers.The molecular phylogenetic tree based on28S rDNA D2gene sequence isbasically consistent with the morphological phylogenetic tree of this article. The maindifference is a branch location of Tachysphex. Morphological phylogenetic tree showsTachysphex and Tachytes get together, and molecular phylogenetic tree shows therelation of two genera is far.Morphological phylogenetic tree and molecular phylogenetic tree of this studysupport that Miscophini and Larrinae is a sister group. Nevertheless, becauseMiscophini of morphological phylogenetic tree is only one branch, and confidence levelof this branch of molecular phylogenetic tree is low, branch location of Miscophini alsoneeds further test.