Taxonomy And Molecular Phylogeny Of Crepidotaceae In China

Crepidotaceae(Imai)Singer has been disputed hotly since it was established by Imai in 1938.There were 2 main views about this question in the period of considering morphology characters only.Some taxonomists,who were Singer dominated,considered that Crepidotaceae is a valid taxa including 9 genera maximum,others believed that the genera in Crepidotaceae should be combined into Cortinariaceae or newly established Inocybaceae.Crepidotus and Simocybe were confirmed as core members of Crepidotaceae after molecular phylogeny applied in researching,but due to a small number of samples and unclear phylogeny relationship,some taxonomists still didn't accept this result.When species of Neopaxillus from Caribbean Region were found to be related to Crepidotaceae,it was hotly disputed again.This study aims to discuss the composing of Crepidotaceae and phylogeny relationship with other taxa based on nLSU sequences,massive genera and species among Crepidotaceae,Cortinariaceae,and Strophariaceae of Singer's taxonomy system in 1986,and the taxa resultingly closed to Crepidotaceae in recent phylogeny study.The type genus of Crepidotaceae is selected to carry out taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of Crepidotus with the thinking of polyphasic taxonomy.Twenty-nine taxa of Crepidotus including 13 new species and 8 newly recorded species,were identified after studying more than 470 specimens collected by author and deposited in herbarium.Photos of habitat,line drawings,descriptions,and notes are provided in this research.Also SEM research of basidiospores,pileipellis,and the altrastructure of lamellae edge were carried out.Diagnosis and key to genera of Crepidotaceae,key to species of Crepidotus and Simocybe are all available in this study.Pileipellis,cheilocystidia,and the lamellae edge altrastructure after cheilocystidia collapsed are discovered for the first time in SEM researching.Among the twentynine Crepidotus species,thirteen new taxa are Crepidotus pseudomollis T.Bau & Y.P.Ge,C.striatus T.Bau & Y.P.Ge,C.dentatus T.Bau & Y.P.Ge,C.reticulatus T.Bau & Y.P.Ge,C.heterocystidiosus T.Bau & Y.P.Ge,C.lutescens T.Bau & Y.P.Ge,C.hohenbuehelioides T.Bau & Y.P.Ge,C.jiangxiensis T.Bau & Y.P.Ge,C.herbaceus T.Bau & Y.P.Ge,C.trichodermus T.Bau & Y.P.Ge,C.subtrichodermus T.Bau & Y.P.Ge,C.hebelomatisporus T.Bau & Y.P.Ge,and C.leigongshanensis T.Bau & Y.P.Ge.Eight new to China species are C.fraxinicola Murrill,C.macedonicus Pilát,C.malachioides Consiglio,Prydiuk & Setti,C.aureifolius Hesler & A.H.Sm.,C.carpari var.carpari Velen.,C.carpari var.subglobisporus(Pilát)Pouzar,C.neotrichocystis Consiglio & Setti.More than 300 species,58 genera,were selected to reveal phylogeny relationship of Crepidotaceae and related group by RaxML and Bayes methods.The result shows that two trees are with same topology.Crepidotaceae is composed by 3 genera,Crepidotus,Simocybe,and Neopaxillus.The most related groups are Pleuroflammula and Inocybe senso lato.The result of phylogeny based on ITS supports the view of Hesler and Smith(1965)that divided Crepidotus to Subgenus based on character clamps and ornamentation of basidiospores.Multi-lucus(nLSU,ITS,tef1-?,beta-tubulin)phylogeny is carried out in this genus,the result shows that ornamentation of basidiospores and morphology of cheilocystidia are combined with evolution process.The monophyly of subgenus Dochmiopus is confirmed,and the amygdaliform ornamented basidiospores are proved to be the solo character of subgenus Dochmiopus.Subgenus Crepidotus,which with smooth amygdaliform basidiospores,is also monophyly,while Subgenus Sphaerula with punctate globose basidiospores,is paraphyletic.