Wireless Sensor Networks, Energy Efficient Clustering Routing Algorithm

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are distributed network systems, which are composed of a large number of sensor nodes with data self-sensing, data storage and data communication capabilities. As the WSNs have wildly application prospect, It has become the research focus of many foreign and domestic scholars.But the sensor nodes have limitations at computer capabilities, storage capabilities and battery power, how to efficiently use the energy of nodes to prolong the network lifetime is still an important goal of wireless sensor network protocol design. WSNs is very different from traditional Internet network and MANET,WSNs has its own characteristics such as node energy is not added, there are a lot of data redundancy in the network Therefore, the protocol on traditional network was not good at WSNs, WSNs need its own unique routing protocol.Routing protocol is one of the core technologies for wireless sensor networks. The solution is how the Source nodes send collected data to sink node.Nodes are usually battery powered and difficult to add,Therefore, designing an energy efficient routing protocol on WSNs is very essential.Energy efficient routing protocols for wireless sensor network have been studied in this paper. The main work is as follows:(1) Reviewed the characteristics of WSNs, applications and research status, introduced simply at the WSNs architecture and the key technology.(2) The WSNs energy-saving technologies were studied and classified, energy-saving strategy was explained from a single node and the entire network on WSNs. The typical energy efficient routing protocol appeared on this basis was introduced and compared, pointed out the advantages and disadvantages of the protocol, Analysised the type of routing protocol, scalable multi-angle, whether the balance by way of the list.(3) Described and analyzed based-cluster routing algorithm LEACH.A probability selecting mechanism is introduced to select the clustering head node at broadcasting phase,the LEACH-EC considers the node's remaining energy and the node's location. Simulation results show that the LEACH-EC algorithm can reduce and balance the energy consumption of nodes, and prolong the network lifetime more effectively than the traditional LEACH.(4) Aiming at the drawback that the clustering head node communicate directly with the Sink node result consuming too big transmission energy at data communication phase.Building a multi-hop transmission path for each cluster head node to the Sink node by simulating the Dijstra algorithm of the minimum path. The simulation results show that improved routing algorithm LEACH-M and LEACH-EC balance the network load and extend the network lifetime more effectively than the traditional LEACH.