Research On Routing Algorithm Avoiding Energy Hole In Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a new technology. WSN is composed by many nodes which have the self-organizational capacity and could obtain information collaboratively. These nodes carry limited energy and it is hard to add energy to nodes. Therefore, energy efficient routing is very important among the key technologies of wireless sensor networks.Data collected by nodes will send to the base station through multi-hop routing in wireless sensor networks. Thus, nodes far away from the base station will consume a little energy while nodes near the base station will consume a large amount of energy due to the need to forward other nodes’data, which resulted in the death of the network when there are a lot of energy remaining, this phenomenon called energy hole.This paper has done a lot of study on how to avoid the energy hole problem in wireless sensor networks, which is as follows:(1) This paper introduces the concept of wireless sensor networks and the structure of nodes. And than focusing on wireless sensor network routing protocols, and leads to the study of the energy hole problem by elaborate on several classic flat routing and hierarchical routing protocols.(2) This text do many research on the energy hole problem in wireless sensor networks. Analyze and prove the fact of the existence of the energy hole, summing up several popular models of energy hole problem, and analyzes the research of routing algorithm to avoid energy hole.(3)In this paper, a routing algorithm based on the flat route has been proposed to avoid the energy hole, which named HRTBR. HRTBR bases on ring network model and uses the hybrid routing algorithm of single-hop and multi-hop to balance the energy consumption in wireless sensor networks. The routing policy establishes the minimum communication cost routing tree at first. Control nodes to switch communications between single-hop and multi-hop by using the middle ring, the distance threshold and the energy threshold. This algorithm both to avoid the energy consumption of the nodes far away from the base station, but also reduce the forwards load of the nodes near from the base station. This method distributes the energy consumption of network evenly and better to avoid the formation of the energy hole.(4) This paper presents the hierarchical routing algorithm(RCBDF) to avoid the energy hole problem by taking into account the scalability of the flat routing is not good and does not apply to larger networks. The routing algorithm divides the monitor area into many rings and clustering in the ring. The algorithm considers the residual energy ratio of node and the coverage of cluster, and uses the idea of role reversal of the double cluster head to complete the routing traffic.Simulation results show that these two kinds of routing algorithm can effectively avoid the formation of the energy hole and better to extend the network life cycle.