Concept Of Modernization And National Development

The awareness of the problem in this research is that why the development of modernization in the ethnic groups and ethnic minority areas is much slower, and how to reduce the gaps as well as to impel the ethnic development of modernization. Based on these questions, this paper hypothesized that the consciousness on the conception of modernization is the inner cause to narrow the gaps among ethnic groups and then to facilitate the development of ethnic minority areas. Then we compared the characteristics of economic, political and legal development issues among the Tajiks, Uyghurs and Han peoples and then demonstrated the hypothesis through multi-sited ethnographical comparative research methods under the guidance of modernization theory and Fei Hsiao-Tung's concept of cultural consciousness. The research results indicate that:1. In terms of economic development issues, the per-capita net income of rural residents of the Tajiks is much less than the Uyghurs and Hans. The fact is relevant to the labor distribution range and the productive structure based on the traditional agro-pastoral economy. However, the basic reasons of these situations lies in:First, the Tajiks are still holding the traditional familism economic conception, small peasant economy and the stronger reciprocity conception of moral economy. Under the directions of these conceptions, the individuals are difficult to participate in the activities of modern marketing economy as an independent and autonomous identity. Second, the production and life of the Tajiks peasants and herdsmen are enslaved to the traditional conceptions so that they have not developed the conceptions of competition, contract, spirit of enterprise, as well as the conceptions of cherish-time, planning, and pursuing the economic efficiency. All of these put them at a disadvantaged development status. Comparatively, more modern conception in families, more independent and autonomous conception and status in families, more active attitude to participate in market economy, and the conceptions of competition, contract, spirit of enterprise, as well as cherishing time, planning and pursuing economic efficiency, are all promoting the Uyghurs and Hans to develop in a superior status in the modern marketing economy. Although there are gaps between Uyghur and Han, Uyghurs' developing modernization is often organized group behaviors which manifests that they are eager to participate in modern marketing economy.2. As to politics and legal system, Tajik is an anarchy society or a society with no modern ideology of politics and it is managed by the notion of rites and customs. Compared to Tajik, Uyghur and Han have more ideas in modern politics and legal system. They participate actively in local politics and pay attention to national politics and development. They understand their rights and obligations as a modern citizen, and they can protect their interest by resorting to law if necessary. These are manifestations of participation in social construction for a citizen, which contributes to the development of a modern democratic society of citizens.The paper argues that the reason of the slow economic, political and legal development in ethnic areas is people have no modern ideology in accordance to marketing economy. I propose that in order to achieve modernization, ethnic people have to give up those ideas that prevents the modernization of the society, and cultivate modern political, economic and legal ideologies which conforms with modern economy. They need also take part in social construction and supervision, and the formation of a'society of modern citizens.