Distributive Justice Theory

For thousands of years, many philosophers and ethicists on the issue of distributive justice had wide and deep thoughts, and social development was proposed based on a variety of relevant theories, which gave us many valuable theoretical resources. Philosophers from the angle of theoretical thinking analyze and propose the basic principles of distributive justice. However, like other theoretical issues, the debate on this issue is complicated.Rawls's theory of distributive justice was starting from "the two principles of justice" to establish the social distribution system. He stressed the fair opportunities, so members of society should protect the fundamental freedoms and rights. The inequality only allowed in the case that government try to help vulnerable groups. Rawls's concept is to protect the political equality, and economic inequality may happen when the government want to help vulnerable groups by redistribution to improve their situation. Rawls believe that this meet interests of society and benefit for social stability and harmony.Nozick's theory of distribution justice was starting from the individual rights to establish the qualifications theory, using holding take the place of distribution. By means of the right, he demonstrated justice of the distribution is derived from the right to protect personal property. He maintained economic freedom and property rights of person. Nozick used moral marginal constraint to restrict the government and individuals'rights. He considered that any individual or government can not infringe the legitimate rights and interests.From the U.S. medical facts, Daniels applied Rawls's theory of justice and he demonstrated distribution of medical resources issues. He stressed that society should guarantee equality of opportunity, so at the same point, the society should guarantee personal health care right in the health care system. But this right is limited and is the minimum health care. Beyond this limit, people should pay voluntarily. He also discussed the relationship between the age and preferences issues and the distribution of resources. he demonstrated that society should guarantee individuals equal right to distribution of basic medical resources and as the demand for preference should not be included. And the society should consider the basic allocation of medical resources in the first place about the need of different ages.