| Objectives To investigate the level of bone mineral density and the incidence of osteoporosis in the middle-aged and elderly female population in the community of Hefei City. The age, education, occupation, weight, physical activity, waist circumference, smoking and drinking, BMI and exercises information were surveyed, so as to provide baseline information for analyzing non-dietary factors of bone SOS values and osteoporosis. The dietary pattern and nutrition status were also investigated to explore the relationship of food, nutrition with bone SOS and osteoporosis, and finally provide basis information for guiding reasonable diet and preventing and treating osteoporosis.Methods By convenience Sampling, female subjects aged over 40 years old were selected from two communities of Hefei City. Information of basic situation, health-related behavior, family history, dietary behavior was collected and height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and other physical examination markers were measured, and BMI and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. The food frequency questionnaire and the self-programed nutritional software according to"Food Composition Table (2002)"were used to calculate the intake of various food and nutrients among the subjects. Supersonic bone mineral density was measured with CM-200 ultrasound device made in Japan. All data were analyzed by using SPSS 11.0 software. The mean values of SOS were compared by ANOVA or t-test. The prevalence rate of osteoporosis was compared by Chi-square test among groups. The trend analysis of prevalence rate of osteoporosis was analyzed by Chi-square trend test. Non-dietary factors of osteoporosis were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. After controlled the confounded factors, the adjusted mean values of bone SOS among different groups of food and nutrients intake were compared by covariance analysis. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were taken for analyzing of risk dietary factors of osteoporosis. Scatter plots and cubic curves were draw by STATA software.Results (1) 643 middle-aged and elderly females were recruited, and the mean age was (61.1±9.3 year). The mean SOS value was 1490.78±28.09 m/s and the prevalence rate of osteoporosis was 19.40%. (2) The measure values of bone SOS were positive correlated with age and menarche age (P<0.05), but negative with age at menopause (P<0.05). Distribution of osteoporosis among different age groups and menarche age groups showed statistical significance (P<0.05). The prevalence rate of osteoporosis increased with age and menarche age increasing (P<0.05). (3) The SOS were different among various groups of different occupation, alcohol consumption, physical activity, exercise frequency, time of exercise, time of sedentary life, oil type, all differences were significant(P<0.05),as well as the distribution of osteoporosis(P<0.05). The decreased prevalence rate of osteoporosis was association with the increased physical activity (P<0.05). (4) The SOS has positive correlation with weight, BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio (P<0.05); with the BMI increased, prevalence of osteoporosis have decreased (P<0.05). (5) The non-dietary factors of osteoporosis in Hefei older women were age (OR=1.59, 95%CI: 1.36-1.86), menarche age (OR=2.20,95%CI: 1.55-3.12), occupation (worker as control, business: OR=1.96,95%CI:1.04-3.72, others: OR=2.59, 95%CI: 1.17-5.72), BMI (OR=0.69, 95%CI: 0.49-0.98), physical activity (OR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.49-0.94). (6) The average food intake of studied population were: cereal 299.23g/d, grains 21.97g/d, poultry meat 69.68g/d, meat 53.02g/d, poultry 16.66g/d, fish and shrimp 21.63g/d, fish 18.21g/d, shrimp 3.42g/d, eggs 43.80g/d, milk 116.69g/d, beans 45.32 g/d, vegetables 337.93g/d, fruits 128.78g/d. compare with "Chinese Dietary Guidelines and the balance of Pagoda balanced diet" recommended intake, the intake of food, fish and shrimp, milk, fruit did not meet the recommended values. By grouping Research object by quartile method (Q1-Q4) of food intake, the variance analysis found that the bone SOS values among grains, livestock and poultry meat, milk, beans intake group were significantly (P<0.05); while adjusted for age, menarche age, occupation, size, physical activity and other factors, the covariance analysis show that the bone SOS values among poultry meat and milk dairy intake group were significantly different (P<0.05). regarded Q1 as control group, The bone SOS amendment mean value in Q4 group of meat and milk were higher than their respective control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) with LSD methods. (7) The average intake of carbohydrate, protein, fat, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper were 1686.17KJ/d, 277.67g/d, 64.83g/d, 37.36g/d, 10.94g/d, 12.46g/d, 6.72g/d, 726.13μgRE/d, 13.50mg/d, 98.37mg/d, 578.99mg/d, 981.14mg/d, 1643.96mg/d, 424.65mg/d, 266.62mg/d, 15.54mg/d, 9.66mg/d, 1.70mg/d. we group research object by nutrient intake according to the quartile method (Q1-Q4), the variance analysis found that carbohydrate, protein, fat, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids , vitamin E, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc, copper intake contrast between groups were significantly (P<0.05). after adjusted for age, menarche age, occupation, size, physical activity, energy and other factors, the covariance analysis showed that the SOS were significant among protein, fat, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acid intake quartile group (p<0.05), regarded Q1 as the control group, the bone SOS amendment mean value in Q4 group of fat, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, calcium, phosphorus and Zinc were higher than their respective control group, the difference have statistically significance (P <0.05) with LSD methods. (8) Single-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that: the more meat, fat, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acid one intakes, the lower risk for osteoporosis (P<0.05). Compared with those in control group Q1:the respective osteoporosis OR values in Q2-Q4 group of the meat intake were: 0.53 (0.32-0.89), 0.52 (0.31-0.87), 0.21 (0.11-0.41), the respective osteoporosis OR values in Q3 group of carbohydrate intake was 0.43 (0.24-0.79), the respective OR values in Q2 ~ Q3 group of protein intake were: 0.51 (0.30-0.88), 0.47 (0.30-0.81), the OR value in fat intake Q4 group was 0.49 (0.27-0.86), the OR value in calcium intake Q2 group was 0.56 (0.32-0.86), the OR value in phosphorus, potassium and zinc intake Q3 group respectively were 0.46 (0.26-0.82), 0.48 (0.26-0.86) and 0.43 (0.24-0.76), the OR value in monounsaturated fat intake Q4 group was 0.43 (0.24-0.76). (9) After adjusted age, menarche age, occupation, size, physical activity, energy and other factors, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that: the more the intake of meat, the risk of osteoporosis was lower (P<0.05), the osteoporosis OR values in Q2 and Q4 group of the meat intake respectively were 0.54 (0.31-0.95) and 0.30 (0.15-0.60), the osteoporosis OR value in milk intake Q4 group was 0.50 (0.26-0.94), the osteoporosis OR value in Q2 group of the protein and vitamin A intake respectively were 0.47 (0.24-0.92) and 2.34 (1.21-4.50) , the osteoporosis OR value in the calcium intake Q2 group was: 0.45 (0.22-0.92). (10) The fitted cubic curve showed that the decreased SOS value was positive correlation with older age, while the SOS value were high in the increased meat, milk, protein, calcium intake group.Conclusion Age, menarche age, occupation, physical activity and body size were the non-dietary factors for osteoporosis among elderly women in Hefei city. The bone SOS values for middle-aged women have a certain relationship with meat, milk, protein, fat, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The more meat, milk, protein and calcium intake had the positive effect on decreasing the risk of osteoporosis. It was very significant for middle and old aged females to strengthen physical activity, maintain a normal weight, and increase the intake of meat and dairy rich with protein and calcium, which can prevent and treat osteoporosis. |
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