| ObjectiveTo understand the control systems for endemic disease, effect of health education, operation of the water improvement project and prevalence of endemic fluorosis in Puyang City, the study was conducted, and the results could provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of endemic fluorosis and making the related policies.Materials and methods1 The epidemiological data of endemic fluorosis from 2003 to 2010 in Puyang City were collected and analyzed.2 Level of fluoride exposure in the environment was determined by the census of fluoride content of drinking water in 3413 villages within the jurisdiction.3 8 villages with water improvement project and 8 villages without water improvement project were sampled with simple random sampling method. The fluorine levels in urine of children aged 8 to 12 that belong to the villages were measured and the level of fluoride exposure in the body's internal environment was evaluated.4 At the same time, fluoride content in water, fluorine levels in urine of children aged 8 to 12 and prevalence of dental fluorosis were determinated by continuous monitoring for 5 years in 3 randomly extracted villages with water improvement project.Results1 The current status of the Endemic fluorosis prevention systems in Puyang cityEndemic fluorosis prevention system was established and improved step and step, and the prevention of the endemic fluorosis had been the target work for the government.2 Effect of health education Through health education activities, the awareness rate of the prevention knowledge of endemic fluorosis among elementary students and housewives increased from 46.49% to 91.14%(χ2=416.47, P<0.01) and from 41.21% to 88.19% (χ2=217.90, P<0.01) respectively. The proportion of the students and housewives that want to drink low-fluoride water increased from 40.12% to 75.06%(χ2=234.15, P<0.01) and from 74.23% to 90.12%(χ2= 38.31, P<0.01) respectively.3 Monitoring the water improvement projectA total of 1041 water improvement projects were monitored, of which 781 (75.02%) were normal operation,9 (0.87%) were intermittent water supply, and 251 (24.11%) were disabled. The longer water improvement project was operated, the higher rate of the disabled projects was showed. There were 24.56% projects in normal operating projects in which water fluoridation were increased to a great extent.4 Level of fluoride exposure in the environment in populationIn total 3413 villages, there were 1658 (48.58%) villages with 1.0 mg/L or more fluoride content in drinking water,1184,419 and 55 villages with 1.1～2.0 mg/L, 2.1～4.0 mg/L,≥4.1 mg/L fluoride content in drinking water respectively. It showed in geographical distribution that the lowest proportion of villages with high fluoride in water was in Longhua district (18.07%) and the highest proportion was in Puyang county (60.50%). Fluoride content in water had a certain relationship with the well depth, and it decreased with increasing depth of well in 6～20 m,21～50 m and 51～00 m groups. The study showed that the fluoride content in the well depth of 101～500 m was higher than that in the well depth of 50～100 m group.5 The exposure levels of fluoride in children aged 8 to 12Urine fluoride levels in children aged 8 to 12 were lower in villages with water improvement projects than the control group(P<0.01). There was a linear correlation between urine fluoride and water fluoride positively in children after water improvement projects (r=0.9479, P<0.05)6 Trends in the prevalence of dental fluorosis after water improvement projectsWith time prolonged, the detection rate of dental fluorosis decreased significantly (χ2=59.644,P<0.01). Index of dental fluorosis decreased from 2.83 to 0.10 after water improvement project, reaching standards for control area.Conclusions1 The endemic disease prevention system in Puyang city is perfect. Based on water improvement projects, health education and disease monitoring, better effects were achieved by carrying out the integrated control measures.2 There was a significant effect on improving the rate of awareness in target population and promoting to drink low-fluoride water through health education.3 The level of fluoride exposure and prevalence of dental fluorosis decreased after water improvement projects. |
PDF Full Text Request