| In order to breed high mogrosides of seedless triploid Siraitia grosvenorii,this paper made a study on main agronomic characters of triploid Siraitia grosvenorii and its female parents,the Peroxidase(POD) and Esterase (EST) isozyme between triploid of F1 generation and its male and female parents for exploring biological characteristics of triploid Siraitia grosvenorii;at the same time,the content of reducing sugar and total soluble sugar in fruit of different triploid of F1 generation was determined and analysed.the spectra of fruit of triploid of F1 generation under the same and the different male flowers pollination was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and analysed by the methods of principal component analysis(PCA) and cluster analysis.The main results are as follows:1.Except for most agronomic characters of triploid of F1 generation and its female parents, there were significant or very significant differences between ground diameter and fresh weight of fruits,so it indicated that agronomic characters of triploid of F1 generation was close to its tetraploid female parents;the coefficient of variation was between 8.3%-52.08% and most characters was over 10% through analysis of variation;the main variation were during fruit factor,fruit shape factor,reproductive factor, internode length factor,petiole length factor and ovary horizontal diameter factor through principal component analysis.2.There were very significant differences between ground diameter, petal width, fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit horizontal diameter, fruit shape index and fresh weight of fruits in different varieties of triploid of Fl generation(p<0.01);the fruit shape index was from 1.1 to 1.62,and the most maximum was F3C,F302 and F328;the fresh weight of fruits of different varieties of triploid of F1 generation was from14.74 gram to 48.69 gram.and the most heavy triploid were F305,F310 and F323.The ground diameter was very significantly correlated with strain diameter,leaf width and ovary longitudinal diameter;strain diameter were very significantly correlated with leaf and width petiole thick;leaf length was very significantly correlated with leaf width and petiole thick;petiole thick was very significantly correlated with leaf width;fruit longitudinal diameter was very significantly correlated with fruit horizontal diameter and fresh weight of fruits;fruit horizontal diameter was very significantly correlated with fresh weight of fruits;but fruit horizontal diameter was very significantly negative correlated with fruit shape index;ground diameter was significantly correlated with petiole thick;strain diameter was significantly correlated with leaf length,petiole length,internode length and ovary longitudinal diameter;petal length was significantly correlated with petal width;fruit shape index was very significantly negative correlated with fresh weight of fruits basee on correlation analysis of main agronomic characters among triploid Siraitia grosvenorii of Fl generation.3. There were certain variations in Peroxidase Isozyme and Esterase Isozyme in different ploidy Siraitia grosvenorii.Compared with the diploid, triploid and tetraploid had the more different mobility isozyme band and more active isozyme band in Peroxidase Isozyme and Esterase Isozyme. Tetraploid had more different mobility isozyme band than triploid in Peroxidase Isozyme,but they had little differences in isozyme band of Esterase Isozyme. The genetic distance of triploid of F1 generation was more closer with their female parents and at the same time the genetic distance during triploid of F1 generation was more further too while their female parents was closer revealed through sample cluster analysis based on euclidean square distance index according to the data of peroxidase isozyme and esterase isozyme,so that the triploid of F1 generation was maternal genetic tendency.4. There were certain difference in content of sugar in different varieties of triploid of F1 generation.the content of total soluble sugar was more higer than reducing sugar.The 3 highest content of reducing sugar fruit successively was G3227,G3277,G3087;and the 3 highest content of total soluble sugar fruit of triploid of F1 generation successively was G3227,G3087,G3137.5. Through analysis of seedless fruits FTIR spectra of the triploid pollinated the same male flower M207 by the methods of principal component analysis and cluster analysis,it can be preliminary concluded that chemical component in fruit of the triploid of F1 generation was affected by their male and female parents, there were 5 groups at 8th genetic distance in fruit of the triploid of F1 generation, the first was G3027,G3107,G3057 and G3317;the second was G3227,G3237,G3277,G3287,G3307,G3247,G3167 and G3297;the third was G3017,G3147,G3257,G3267,G3067 and G3117;the fourth was G3087 and the fifth was G3137; there was most difference between the fruit G3087[(?)406(4n)×(?)M202(2n)] and other fruits of the triploid of F1 generation.6. Based on the analysis results of seedless fruits FTIR spectra of the triploid pollinated the same male flower, main agronomic characters in triploid of Fl generation,the content of reducing sugar and total soluble sugar and previous researcher's results,it can be preliminary determined that G3087[(?)406(4n)×(?)M202(2n)] was the most excellent seedless fruit of triploid Siraitia grosvenorii in the study.7. The content of mogrosides in seedless fruits of the triploid of F1 generation existed xenia effect, and there was the highest content of mogrosides in the G3225 which was the fruit of combination F322×M215; the global chemical composition in fruit of triploid of F1 generation existed xenia effect too,at the same time,there was varietal specificity in xenia effect in different triploid of F1 generation based on analysis of fruits FTIR spectra by the methods of principal component analysis and cluster analysis. |
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