Effects Of Copper, Zinc And Selenium On Yield And Quality Of Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat

Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat, as one of traditional Chinese herbal medicine and tea, is a main Chinese herbal in planting base of Northern Jiangsu Province. Microelements could affect quality of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. significantly. Those experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of copper, zinc and selenium on biomass, the contents of microelements and main active components of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. under condition of sand culture in gradually. This paper was in order to research the mechanism of microelements on the contents of main active components of medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium. And the suitable applications of microelements for medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium were determined. The results could be applied in scientific fertilization services on Chrysanthemum standardized cultivation. The main results were as follows:1. The experiment of applying single copper fertilizer results showed that it promoted flower yields of medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium increasing with proper fertilization of copper (0.4 mg/kg). Likewise, it increased the contents of total flavonoids, chlorogenic acids and the two flavone ingredients (cyanidenon and versulin) and improved quality. Applying copper could improve the copper content in flowers for medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium. But applying copper had no significant effects on the contents of four microelements (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Se). Copper centralized in roots of medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium. The content of copper in each parts of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. was those in root, stem-leaf and flower.2. The experiment of applying single zinc fertilizer results showed that it promoted flower yields of medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium increasing with proper fertilization of zinc (1.0 mg/kg). And it increased the contents of total flavonoids, chlorogenic acids and the flavone ingredients (cyanidenon and versulin) and improved quality also. The contents of zinc in roots increased with the increase of zinc concentration. While the contents of zinc in stem-leaves increased but decreased slightly later with the increase of zinc concentration. However, the zinc contents in flowers did not change obviously with the increase of zinc. The zinc contents in roots were slightly higher than which in leaves and flowers. Moreover, among the contents of total flavonoids, cyanidenon and versulin, the correlation every between two factors were significant difference(P<0.05 or P<0.01).3. The experiment of applying single selenium fertilizer results showed that it promoted the growth of medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium, the flower yields and four effective components such as total flavonoids, chlorogenic acids, cyanidenon and versulin while selenium applying doses did not exceed 2.0 mg/kg. But it inhibited as the selenium applying doses exceed 2.0 mg/kg. The selenium contents in roots and stems increased linearly with the increase of selenium concentration. Unfortunately, it was a quadratic regression equation between the selenium contents in flowers and selenium rate, y=-0.8175**x2+6.0045**x+0.1363 (R2=0.9956**). Selenium had no significant effect on the iron contents in flowers, but had inhibitory effect on copper, zinc and manganese contents. The microelements contents in medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium from big to small was iron, manganese, zinc and copper.4. Combined application of zinc and selenium fertilizer tests showed that there were positive interactions between zinc and selenium for accumulation of flower biomass of medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium. However, there were negative interactions for accumulation of total flavonoids and chlorogenic acids. The both interactions didn't reach significant level. The corresponding two-order polynomial equation was simulated and analyzed through the flower biomass of medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium, but was not suitable for main effective components.5. Combined application of copper and zinc fertilizer tests showed that there were positive interactions between copper and zinc for accumulation of flower biomass and the contents of total flavonoids and chlorogenic acids. And only the effect on flower biomass reached significant level. It enhanced PAL activity with proper copper and zinc applying. SPAD values in leaves of medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium didn't show regularity with the increase of copper and zinc concentration. Among the contents of total flavonoids, chlorogenic acids and PAL activity, the correlation every between two factors were significant difference(P<0.01).