| Catawba, Concord, Golden Muscat, Delaware, Campbell are introduced grape varities for juicing from USA. Taking these juicing grapes for materials, the main photosynthetic characteristics were studied; biological characteristics, such as phonological phases, botanical traits and agricultural economics properties were observed in Yangling from 2009 to 2010. Meanwhile, using natural identification in the field, the general resistance of these juicing grapes to powdery mildew, anthracnose and downy mildew was researched in order to investigate their agronomic characters and provide juice-making industry with theoretical foundation. The results are as below:1. All of the introduced juicing grapes bud on late-Mar., Delaware and Campbell were mid-varieties, Catawba, Concord and Golden Muscat were late-varieties.2. All of the introduced juicing grapes were able to growth normally and showed botanical traits of Vivis. labrusca L. Mature leaf size of introduced juicing grapes was between 149.3 and 355.3cm2; internode length of woody shoot was between 5.5 and 15.5cm, internode diameter of woody shoot was between 0.4 and 0.9cm; bunch size was between 18.6 and 164.2cm2, bunch weight was between 15.5 and 213.8g; berry size was between 1.32 and 4.56cm2, berry weight was between 0.8 and 4.4g; percentage of must was between 61.8 and 70.2%.3. Growth vigor of Catawba, Concord and Golden Muscat were stronger than Delaware and Campbell. Percentage of bud burst of introduced juicing grapes was between 64.6 and 86.2%; percentage of bearing shoots was between 54.5 and 91.4%; cluster number per bearing shoot was between 1.4 and 2.1; mean production per tree was between 63.4 and 5350.0g. Golden Muscat had the highest yield, its mean production per tree reached 5350.0g.4. All of the introduced juicing grapes showed strong disease resistance. Concord, Delaware, Campbell were high resistant to powdery mildew, Golden Muscat and Catawba were resistant to powdery mildew; all of the introduced juicing grapes were resistant to anthracnose; Delaware was high resistant to downy mildew, others were resistant to downy mildew.5. Light compensation point of introduced juicing grapes was between 23.9 and 42.2μmol·m-2·s-1; light saturation point was between 1575.0 and 1642.9μmol·m-2·s-1; CO2 compensation point was between 65.1 and 74.3μmol·mol-1; CO2 saturation point was between 897.5 and 1061.7μmol·mol-1; apparent quantum yield was between 0.036 and 0.044mol·mol-1; carboxylation efficiency was between 0.067 and 0.095mol·m-2·s-1. In the aspect of net photosynthetic rate, apparent quantum yield, carboxylation efficiency, maximum regeneration rate of RuBP, Golden Muscat was higher than Catawba and Concord. In accord with the higher yield, Golden Muscat showed higher photosynthetic capacity. |
