Embryo Rescue To Obtain Progenies From Hybrids Between Seedless Grapes And Chinese High Disease Resistance Wild Grapes

17 pollinations between seedless grapes andChinese wild grapes (K amurensis (Heilongjiang seedling,Zuoshan741-326) V.thunbergii(raKhanr2),V.yeshanensis,V. qinlingensis (Pingli-5) and Beichun (a specific hybrid of V.amurensisJ), 6 pollinations between seedless grapes, 2 crosses of self-pollinated seedless grapes were carried out in May of 2000 and May of 2001.Fertilized ovules of 25 crosses above were cultured in vitro to study effect of harvest time, basic medium, embryo culture styles, ovule excision on embryo rescue and sugar concentrations on embryo germination.The results were as follows:1. 764 embryo rescue plants were obtained from 23 crosses, including 377 plants from 17 hybrids of seedless grapes x Chinese wild grapes, 387 plants fr om 4 hybrids of seedless grapes x seedless grapes and 2 crosses of self-pollination. Progenies of hybrids of seedless grapesxChinese wild grapes included 117 new plants from DelightxBeichun,107 plants from Olmo SeedlessxBeichun, 32 plants from Delightx V.yeshanensis, 29 Plants from DelightxHeilongjiang seedling, 28 plants from DelightxPingli-5, 27 Plants from Flame SeedlessxBeichun, 15 Plants from Olmo SeedlessxTaishan-2, 3 plants from Centennial SeedlessxBeichun or Olmo SeedlessxZuoshan 74-1-326, 2 plants from Centennial SeedlessxZuoshan 74-1-326, 1 plant from JingkejingxZuoshan74-l-326 or Flame SeedlessxV.yeshanensis. The percentage of recovered embryos differed significantly among crosses. 102 recovered plants were transfered and 86 plants were established in the vineyard and survival percentage was 84.31%.2. The suitable basic media were selected for embryo rescue. The best medium for embryo development was modified liquid ER medium plus 6% sucrose; the best medium for embryo germination and plant establi shment was solid Wood Plant (WP) medium plus 1.0-1.5% sucrose and 0.2mg/L BA.3. Different harvest time was investigated to determine the best for embryo rescue. It was found that the best time was different among crosses. Harvest time of 48 days after pollination was the best for DelightxBeichun, DelightxHeilongjiang seedling, DelightxRed Globe, DelightxOlmo Seedless, self-pollinated Delight, Olmo SeedlessxBeichun and OlmoSeedlessxDelight; 52 days after pollination for DelightxPingli-5; 49 days after pollination for Delightx V.yeshanensis and 40 days after pollination for Flame SeedlessxBeichun.4. Simple procedure of embryo rescue was established, which was classified into three stages. First, ovules were excised from seedless fruits to recover embryos and in-vitro ovules were cultured on medium for 8 weeks till embryo became mature. After that, the developed embryos were excised in sterile under anatomic microscope and were transferred into another medium for embryo germination. 10~15days after germination, the recovered embryos were transferred into WP medium to establish seedlings.5. The key way to establish seedlings was that the domesticated plants should be transferred in sterile from Erenmeyer flasks to pots as matrix of pearlite, with irrigation of fungicide solution and with moisture control.