A Study On Evolution Of Comprehensive Park In Shanghai Downtown

The pattern of Shanghai urban space has changed a lot since the port was open and the development of its downtown plays an important role in this change. As a part of the downtown, the formation of parks records the change of the urban space to some extent. Among these parks, the changing progress of comprehensive parks which is a main type of parks runs through the whole process of Shanghai parks' development.Based on the politics, economy, history, social background, urban planning and parks construction at different times, this study takes 17 existing comprehensive parks such as Zhongshan Park, Luxun Park, Fuxin Park, Changfeng Park, and 5 obsolete comprehensive parks like Jiaozhou Park and No.1 Municipal Park as study objects, then analyze on the art, function and evolution sequence of park management and landscape construction, depending on summarizing the alternation process of parks in modern times. From this, the evolution characteristics of comprehensive parks in Shanghai downtown in modern time and in contemporary era are summarized, and the author tries to interpret the influencing mechanism.From the modern time to contemporary era, the development of downtown comprehensive parks in Shanghai have experienced three stages, embryonic stage, zigzag improvement and gradual consummation. This process shows the characters being from 'exotic migration' to 'self integration', being from 'self exploration' to 'transition', from 'native character raise' to 'multi-cultural combination'. The evident rule in the evolution is that the top-out decision, different cultures and landscape ideology are generated and developed in the interrelationship and revolution.This paper introduces the whole evolution process, characters and mechanism of comprehensive parks, which fill the blank of research on Shanghai parks. I hope that it will have an important impact on providing historical evidence and new thought of comprehensive parks, about how to keep the local characters, how to adapt to the modern urban life and how to cooperate with nature.