Study On Different Polyphenols Of Camellia Oliefera Seed Character And The Polyphenols Composition

Camellia oil is extracted from camellia seeds. It's light yellow or golden color, with pure quality. and China advocates camellia oil as an natural woody vegetable oil. Camellia oil is firstly recommended as the health-care and edible vegetable oil by the FAO, our camellia oil has always been known as oriental olive oil, the nutritional compositions, fatty acid compositions and fat characteristics of both camellia oil and olive oil are nearly the same.Camellia seed is the raw materials of extracting camellia oil, camellia seeds from different germplasms (excellent trees, varieties or clones, etc.) affect directly the quality level of camellia oil. As a result, it's particularly important to do the comparative study on the camellia seed's economic characters. Camellia seed and camellia oil contains large amounts of polyphenols which play an important role in the storage of camellia seed, the nutrition & health-care function, and the stability of camellia oil. However, currently the research reports on biological phenols of camellia seed and it's lipid are rare.The economic traits of different idioplasmic camellia seeds, including moisture, kernel rate, weight of 1000 seeds and oil rate, etc were investigated. Then the differences of economic traits of different idioplasmic camellia seeds and the relativities of the content of oil and other's economic traits were compared to provide a reference standard for selecting the best camellia seeds for camellia oil; The compositions of polyphenol in camellia seeds under different processing conditions were performed by the high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). And the relationships of fatty acid compositions, varieties and producing areas of camellia seeds were studied. The results are shown as below:The 21 different idioplasmatic experimental camellia seeds from Liuzhou, Bama county and Zhuzhou were used for assess of the economic traits according to the national standards. The experimental results show that there different germplasms and different producing areas have different economical traits, as the weight of 1000 seeds, moisture, kernel rate and oil rate are different. The germplasms changing have a big impact on the oil rate and kernel rate, as the range of kernel rate is from 1057.89 g to 2969.54 g; the oil rate of Camellia yuhsienensis Hu seed is 34.22%, while Camellia oliefera seed is 50.63%. There are some correlations among content of oil, moisture, kernel rate and the weight of 1000 seeds, the oil rate and water rate have a negative correlation. When selecting the camellia seeds the higher kernel rate, the weight of 1000 seeds and lower moisture should give priority to consider.The polyphenol from Camellia yuhsienensis Hu seeds and Camellia oliefera seeds were extracted separately with methanol, ethanol and acetone. The results showed that the Camellia oliefera seed's total content of polyphenolis (17.02±1.99 mg/g)which is higher than Camellia yuhsienensis Hu seeds (15.66±2.49mg/g). The difference between content of polyphenol are not much, both camellia seeds'polyphenol have tannin, gallic acid, cinnamic acid, coumarin and rutin, and the gallic acid have the most content. Gallic acid is extracted from Camellia oliefera seeds can be 3.32 mg/g with acetone. Camellia yuhsienensis Hu seed's polyphenol contains ferulic acid, but can't find ferulic acid in the Camellia oliefera seed. Mean while, there is influence on extracting with different solvents, there are more types of polyphenols if is extracted with methanol or ethanol, but the content is rarely. At the same time, the results also show that the effect of different solvents on the extraction has some influence. Methanol, ethanol extracted more types of polyphenols, but the content is rare. There are large number of active substances available in polyphenol's gallic acid if Camellia oliefera seeds are extracted by acetone.By comparing the compositions and contents of crude solvent extracted and cold-pressed camellia oil, processing methods have a lot influence on the content of polyphenols. Extracting the polyphenols separately from both oils with organic solvents methanol, ethanol and acetone, and analyze the compositions of polyphenols with liquid chromatography, find out that crude solvent extracted oil have a large amount of polyphenols, the content is (10.88±0.7)μg GA/g, main compositions are tannin, gallic acid, catechin and cinnamic acid, cold-pressed camellia oil have more polyphenols than crude oil, it's cotent is (11.71±0.5)μg GA/g, the main components are tannin, gallic acid and catechin. The types of materials which are extracted with acetone is more than methanol and ethanol, but the content is much less.To study the fatty acid's compositions and relative contents with gas chromatography, find out that different producing areas of camellia seeds have the same fatty acid compositions, main components are palmitic acid, oleic acid and stearic acid, linoleic acid is not detected. Different fatty acid have different content, producing area have a big impact on the palmitic acid, Camellia oliefera seeds and Camellia yuhsienensis Hu seeds which are produced in Zhuzhou, have the same components of fatty acids. Different types of camellia seeds have different contents of fatty acids, the content of palmitic acid of Camellia oliefera seed is more than Camellia oliefera seed, but the stearic acid is less. The main components of fatty acid of cold-pressed camellia oil are palmitic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid and stearic acid. Unsaturated fatty acids account for 90.56%, linoleic acid accounted for 4.28%.