| At present, the ecological environmental crisis is becoming more and more serious, which threatens the survival and development of human constantly. Therefore, the relationship between human and ecological environment has become the focus of what people is thinking about today. Since Marx's ecological idea is based on the scientific view of nature and methodology, and reflected in the concrete research of the ecological environment. So it has been paid extensive attention.Marx's ecological idea may trace back to the simple view of nature in ancient Greece theoretically at the earliest. The later mechanical view of nature in modern times and the classic philosophic view of nature in Germany both have far-reaching influence on Marx. Though special elaborations on ecological problems are not focused on by Marx, his ecological idea has been reflected in his main works of various periods, and demonstrates a relatively clear developing process.Marx's ecological idea mainly contains in his view of nature, view of practice and view of history. In Marx's view of nature, he gives a detailed description and explication of unrestricted nature and humanized nature, the objective preexistence of nature as well as the dialectic relationship between human and nature, which displays his profound thinking about the relationship between man and nature. In his view of practice, Marx emphasizes that social practice (especially the productive labor) is the real condition that integrates the contact of human and nature. Only we make a reasonable control of exchange of matter, can we facilitate ecological harmoniousness. After plenty of description of bad damage to ecological environment caused by capitalist mode of production, Marx dissects the origin of ecological deterioration from multi-angles. Based on this, Marx points out that it is bourgeois private ownership that leads to the general dissimilation of the relationship between man and nature. Furthermore, he exposed inevitability of ecological crisis under capitalist system. Therefore, Marx places his hope of dispelling ecological problems in communism. Besides, he also indicates that the essence of human and nature can't be integrated until the communistic society comes. And in his view of history, Marx proposes that the history of nature and human are mutually restraint and we should make investigations by integrating nature with human social history. In addition, he divides the history into three stages according to the evolution process of the relationship between human and nature:from stage of humans' dependence on nature, to stage of independence on nature, till stage of freedom. At the same time, he investigates the contact of the dialectic relationship between human and nature both in social and historical dimensionality. Marx consistently holds the view that there is neither social history alienated from nature nor nature existing alone and freed from influence on human society.Originating from concrete investigations on ecological environmental problems, Marx's ecological idea, obviously should be applied into practical activity in reality and found its contemporary value. First of all, "two promotions, two measurement, two reconciliation" put forward by Marx and Engels, can be regarded as theoretical basis of instructing current exploration of ecological environmental protection. Secondly, Marx's idea of developing cyclist economy is an absolute necessity in the process of constructing ecological civilization. Lastly, in order to realize human's free and integrated development, there is no doubt we need to consummate social relation and transform social systems. However, a basic preposition should not be neglected,a good ecological environment. Consequently, if you make a study on human's free and integrated development theory, it's an essential supplement that we need to take a scientific understanding of the dialectical unification relations. |
