| This research is made up by two parts, The research on butterfly ecology of Zhongliang and Tongluo mountain and the research on the dynamic changes of butterfly community in Jinyun Moutain.From March to July 2007, to investigate the butterfly diversity of Zhongliang and Tongluo mountain in Chongqing Municipality, we selected ten sampling sections from north to south of Zhongliang and Tongluo Moutain, namely Shanxikou, Lengshuiya, Lijia Channel, Gele mountain, Hejiawan, Xinping, National defense education center, Laochang, Xiaoquan and Nanquan. Six different types of habitat were selected form the bottom to the top of Jinyun Moutain mountain, Cropland along stream, Cropland orchard, Hillside cropland, Hillside shrub, Forest margin shrub, Mixed forest. After the investigation of Zhongliang, Tongluo and Jinyun Moutain, analyzing the composition and characteristics of butterfly community, the change of time and space of butterfly community, spatial distribution of butterfly species and butterfly fauna. With data of butterfly community of Jinyun moutain in 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2007, analyzing annual variation of butterfly diversity and the structure composition of butterfly community. The main results are as follows.In Zhongliang and Tongluo mountain, a total of 5.832 butterfly individuals were collected, belongs to 7 families, 42 genera and 62 species. Of these, the dominant species were Pieris canidia(15.07%), Pieris rapae(13.26%), Papilio xuthus(11.57%) of study area; The species in Nymphalidae families were the most in research area. There are 11 genera 16 species in Zhongliang mountain, and 9 genera 12 species in Tongluo mountain.The diversity indexes of Shannon-Wiener ranked in the following order: Gele mountain(1.600) > Hejiawan(1.594) > Lijia Channel(1.396) > Nanquan(1.272) > Laochang(1.257) > Sanxikou(1.206) > Xinping(1.048) > Xiaoquan(0.978) > National defense education center(0.900) > Lengshuiya(0.896), diversity of butterfly community of Zhongliang mountain was 1.338, higher than 1.091 of Tongluo mountain. The most remarkable difference of diversity indexes of butterfly community were between March and July, and the least remarkable difference were between March to April.The main type of natural habitat are cropland, woods and shrub lawn. The richest of butterfly species is in shrub lawn, 37 species, account for 59.7% of the total. Richness of butterfly species in woods and cropland is lower. In Zhongliang mountain , there were 25 species in east asia, 4 species in age-north, 3 species in both east asia and age-north and 7 species were widely distributed over the study area, separately accounted for 43.86%, 7.02%, 43.86%, 5.26%. And there were 24 species in east asia, 2 species in age-north, 2 species in both east asia and age-north and 20 species were widely distributed over the study area, separately accounted for 50.00%, 4.17%, 41.67% and 4.17%.From 1998 to 2007, in the four years, a total of 523 butterfly individuals were collected, belonging to 8 families 35 genera 56 species. In 1998, dominant species of Jinyun mountain were Lethe syrcis(18.82%)and Pseudozizeeria maha(10.59%); in 2000, dominant species of Jinyun mountain were Pieris canidia; Pieris canidia(11.43%)and Papilio xuthus(10.71%) were the dominant species in 2007. From 1998 to 2007, the diversity indexes of Shannon-Wiener ranked in following order: 1998 > 2000> 1999 > 2007; Pielou indexed ranked in order of 1999 > 2000 > 2007 >1998; and the diversity indexes of Simpson ranked in the order :2000 > 1999 > 2007 > 1998.The main conclusions are as follows:(1) the familiar composition of butterfly community between Zhongliang and Tongluo mountain, is because of the familiar composition of habitat, human disturbance and plant community.(2) manual habitat like cropland and orchard can provide rich nectariferous plant and host plant of larvae for some kinds of butterfly species, and the population of these butterfly species become to be bigger.(3) feature of east asia is obvious, butterfly fauna of Chongqing was main species in east asia. And consistent with Chongqing Municipality is in the west of China, semitropical range, the distribution of butterfly reflected the zoology- geography characteristic.(4) the most significant factors of influence on distribution of time and space of butterfly community were temperature and distribution of host plant of butterfly larvae. That directly determines the richness and abundant of buttfly community.(5) under the situation at present, negative effects of urbanization of Chongqing on Jinyun mountain is not obvious.(6) Pieris canidia, Pieris rapae and Papilio xuthus are typical representation of butterfly species in urban.
|
PDF Full Text Request