Urbanization Of Rural Surplus Labor Transfer

There are so many surplus labors in our country, and their shift to cities is a good measure to improve productivity and farmers' income, and is the key to solve the "PAC" problems. Urbanization is the important and effective approach to make city and country develop harmoniously, but carrying out this measure is difficult. Although the shortage of labors emerges in some cities, a large number of surplus labor forces still stick to the countryside. From this contradiction between unemployment and vacancies, the characteristics of labor forces shifting spontaneously, incompletely, in phase can be revealed.In fact, some important social problems are implied under the complex employment phenomena. Our social and legal systems have restricted the diversion of surplus labors, such as the registered permanent residence and the social security. Firstly, the conventional view is the psychological factor that fetters the shift of the surplus labor forces. Secondly, the prejudiced policies, the flaws of the service system and illegal employment in the labor market have blocked the transition. Thirdly, the incomplete land system has influenced the movement, too. Besides, the personality of the surplus labors is the internal reason that has restricted the shift. For the reason of dated ideas, poor knowledge and bad health condition, it is difficult for them to find a decent job in the city. Because of these factors, it's very hard for surplus labors moving from the country to the city smoothly and continuously.In face of these problems, some policy suggestion must be put forward. The government should reform the systems that are unfit for the market developing, and establish a reliable labor market in which the rural labor is equal to the urban labor, as well as provide a variety of services for them. In addition China should better the character of the labor forces by guiding farmers to renew the idea, popularizing the nine-year compulsory education, and developing vocational training. Under the stable land contract, the land circulation system must be improved to promote this inevitable social tide. Thus by taking these measures the flow of surplus labors will be advanced and the "PAC" problem will be solved gradually.