Chain Operations Of The Accounting Problems

With grate success of chain operation in service trading, retail trading and cater trading in recent years, the accounting problems about chain operation have already been concerned, and the scope and depth of research are developing rapidly. Chain operation can be divided into three models—regular chain, franchise chain and voluntary chain. With its development each of the three forms demonstrates it's own style and characteristics gradually, and they can exist alternately in a chain store. This leads that chain operation is different in its capital structure, organization form and business procedure from the traditional one. So, the research on relative accounting problems of chain operation will have very important theoretical and practice significance.The paper begins with the analysis of capital relation, organization form and business procedure of chain operation, and points out pluralistic capital relation, network structure and special business procedure will cause some special accounting problems, including internal accounting, franchise accounting and the accounting and management based on the theory of value chain. And the paper spreads out from the three sides. In the paper, the author thinks internal accounting of chain operation should be handled from chain stores and franchised outlets separately according to different property right, and proposes that in chain system, headquarter and chain stores are all set up by headquarter-owned capital. Between them goods allotting is equivalent to goods flow inside chain store, and the right of capital gains should belong to general headquarter. But because of the difference of investment subjects, goods flows between headquarter and other outlets should separately be recognized headquarter' income or outlets' income at different click hour. About franchise accounting, the author thinks franchise is some own-created intangible assets for headquarter, but its value realizes in whole chain system and changes constantly in scale operation. So the headquarter should assess and recognize franchise in its output value, and adopt dynamic reducing-value mode to account impairment preparation. This method can completely reflect dynamic characteristic of the assets. Infranchised outlets, franchisee should view franchise as intangible assets purchased outside and its past cost is the main measure attribute. At last, the paper proposes new accounting mode based on chain store's value chains, and think that it is more fit for the value accounting of chain operation in reality. And its accounting principle expands the content of present accounting supposes, and can make the distribution of common expense in different areas and between different goods more reasonable.