The Development Of Education In The Late Qing Dynasty From Japan And Its Chinese Modern Education

After the First Sino-Japanese (Jiawu) War in 1894 and along with the deepening of China's national crisis, the Qing government put forth its policy of "Encouraging Study Abroad" to sustain its rule, thus began the first step to learn from other nations. Patriotic students went to study abroad and many studied in Japan. Their major areas of study were politics and law, teacher training, culture and education, etc. After absorbing the new thoughts and new culture, they returned to China and had substantial influence on China's social reform and progress, pushing forward reforms in China's politics, economy and culture, etc. In education in particular, these returned students made important contribution to the modernization of China's education.Since China's reform and open-up since 1978 and from the beginning of the 21st century, more and more Chinese students are going to study abroad. When they return, they will certainly have their due influence on today's China in politics, social and economic development. Under such circumstances, the study of Chinese students studying in Japan in late Qing Dynasty and its influence on China's educational modernization is of considerable theoretical value as well as practical meaning, offering valuable experiences and references for China's new generation of students studying abroad.This thesis is comprised of five parts (chapters):The first part is a brief introduction of this research's meaning, review of relevant literature, outline of argument, method adopted, definition of major concepts, innovative points and drawbacks.The second part presents the historical background of the movement of Chinese students studying in Japan in late Qing Dynasty. It explains this movement from four aspects: the first is the ever-deepening national crisis after the First Sino-Japanese (Jiawu) War in 1894; the second is Japan's rapid progress in science and technology after it started to learn from western countries; the third is the collaboration of Chinese and Japanese governments in aiding Chinese students studying in Japan and the fourth are some other favorable objective conditions.The third part deals with on the historical development of Chinese students' studying in Japan in late Qing Dynasty. It introduces the major development of this historical movement in its three periods: the rising period (1896-1900), upsurge period (1901-1906) and declining period (1907-1912), analyzing its course of beginning, development and decline.The fourth part explores the contents, forms and characteristics of Chinese students' studying in Japan in this period. It presents the Chinese students learning and living conditions in Japan in this period, including their choice of schools, majors and the Qing government's administration of these students, etc. A realistic and objective description is presented with a detailed analysis of the characteristics of this historical movement.The fifth part discusses the influence of Chinese students' studying in Japan in this period on the China's educational modernization. It is summarized in the following four aspects: the first is that the numerous returned students served as qualified teachers to push forward China's educational development; the second is that it greatly helped the development of modern Chinese women's education; the third is the introduction of new textbooks and the fourth is that the accelerated formuation of a new educational system.In summary, this thesis explores and analyzes the background, development, content, form and characteristics of Chinese students studying in Japan in late Qing Dynasty from the above aspects, especially its influence on the Chinese educational education. This research is expected to help us in our deeper understanding of the important role Chinese students studying in Japan in late Qing Dynasty, and can serve as valuable experiences and references for China's current and future study-abroad education.