A Study On Magazines Published By Chinese Students In Japan In Late Qing Dynasty(1899-1911)

Modern Chinese press appeared with the Western colonial invasion.With the expansion of public opinion space in late Qing Dynasty,Chinese self run newspapers and periodicals continued to emerge.After the short depression after the 1898 coup,the new deal in late Qing Dynasty showed a vigorous development trend,and the magazines published by students in Japan also appeared in this period.At the end of the 19 th century and the beginning of the20 th century,a large number of intellectuals studied in Japan to learn new western knowledge.Most of the students in Japan regard themselves as ‘young people who shoulder the hope of the country’.They have a strong spirit of the times and a relatively broad world vision.Under the influence of the public opinion of China in late Qing Dynasty and Meiji Japan,they have published magazines to express their views around the topics of the times,input new knowledge and ideas,and open the wisdom of the people.The magazine editor groups also gradually emerged in the process of founding the magazine.Therefore,both magazines and magazine editing groups had an important historical impact on the political situation,the transformation of knowledge and education even the changes of social thought and culture in late Qing Dynasty.According to the above ideas,the article is divided into five chapters.The first chapter mainly analyzes the public opinion environment of China in late Qing Dynasty and Meiji Japan,as well as the general situation of students in Japan in late Qing Dynasty,that is,to explore the background of the emergence of the magazines published by students in Japan in late Qing Dynasty.The second chapter mainly expounds the historical evolution,types and contents of magazines from the vertical and horizontal dimensions,and analyzes its characteristics of the times.From 1899 to 1911,there were at least 86 magazines published by students in Japan(besides 4 supplements).These magazines have different purposes and various types.They are not only comprehensive magazines,but also professional magazines covering various fields of politics,economy,military,education,science and technology and even literature and art,as well as political magazines,magazines for Chinese Hui students in Japan,magazines for Chinese female students in Japan and other magazines.The ultimate goal of these magazines is to achieve the prosperity of the nation-state and import new western knowledge,which is deeply influenced by Japan.On the whole,the magazine shows the characteristics of the times,such as obvious regional tendency,uneven quality,rich content and strong political comment.The third chapter mainly uses the original and copies of the magazine,combined with historical materials such as archives,diaries(Memoirs)and contemporary press,and uses the relevant theories of Journalism and communication to investigate the publication of student magazines in Japan in late Qing Dynasty.These magazines are basically responsible for the Chinese students in Japan from fund-raising,writing to editing,and then handed over to the printing offices in Japan or China for printing and binding.They are mainly sold through the distribution offices and agency offices built by the magazine,it was reflecting the strong ability in publishing of the Chinese students in Japan in late Qing Dynasty.The magazines mainly sell the sales by Post and Purchasing model,and the subjective and objective conditions for the realization of the model are the development of the modern postal system and transportation in late Qing Dynasty,and the spreading of the network of the interpersonal relationships among the Chinese students in Japan.On this basis,these magazines have formed a cross-space and cross-cultural communication network radiating from Tokyo,Japan to overseas Chinese communities and domestic provincial / state,county and town,and the transmission of magazines is affected by social and government power.The fourth chapter further discusses the magazine editing groups of Chinese students in Japan in late Qing Dynasty.These magazines were mostly founded by groups,and magazine editors basically served as writers.In the process of founding the magazine,magazine editors gradually form a more powerful emerging groups and affect the content of the magazine.In different periods,the magazine editing groups showed different characteristics.In 1905 and before,these groups showed a gradual radicalization turn,and after 1905,it gradually differentiated,showing an obvious tendency of centrifugation or dependence on government power.These groups have a delicate relationship with the official,and the so-called official itself has different opinions.However,the magazine editing groups also have their commonalities in foreign country.Under the era of building a nation-state,the magazine contains the cognition and thinking of the editing groups and even the group of Chinese students in Japan about the country and the world.In this process,there are confusion,passion and expectation,and realistic difficulties.The fifth chapter further explains the historical influence of magazines published by Chinese students in Japan in late Qing Dynasty based on the above studies.Firstly,these magazines have a strong political comment.Both the publicity of Constitutional monarchy and revolutionary thought constitute the ideological resources of the Revolution of 1911 to varying degrees;Some magazine editing groups gradually formed an emerging political force,directly participated in the constitutional or revolutionary movement,and influenced the political situation in late Qing Dynasty.Secondly,as a carrier of new knowledge,magazines are not only the product of knowledge transformation in late Qing Dynasty,but also promote the further transformation of knowledge in late Qing Dynasty and even modern times;The emerging knowledge groups formed around magazines also engaged in the field of education after returning home,which promoted the development of education in late Qing Dynasty and even modern times.Moreover,magazines were closely related to the changes of social thought and culture in late Qing Dynasty.As a news media,magazines promoted the progress and prosperity of press and publication culture in late Qing Dynasty;As a means of enlightening people’s wisdom,the ideological enlightenment role of magazines in the society of late Qing Dynasty can not be ignored.