Diplomacy And Overseas Study:Educational Research On Overseas Study In Russia In The Late Qing Dynasty

If the modern Chinese overseas study history is compared to a song of great symphony, the United States, Japan, European and other specific overseas activities is the symphony of the cadenza. They are both relatively independent and interrelated, composing the touching stories of modern Chinese students'hard study overseas. As an important part of modern Chinese overseas study history, history of studying in Soviet (Russia) is the academia requiring more attention and research, especially in the20's and the50's of twentieth Century. In the two Soviet booming periods, the relevant academic achievements emerge in an endless stream, while the study of history of studying in Soviet (Russia) in the later period of Qing Dynasty is the weak link and the related research is still in its infancy. Based on the study of the activities of Chinese studying in Russia, based on the possession and the use of lots of archives and all kinds of documents and materials, this paper aims to illustrate the international relations, education and other disciplines theory and a variety of research methods, from the perspective of new China Russia diplomatic relations and cultural diplomacy perspective, and to carry out the research on the late Qing Dynasty development, Russia education evolution, student status management system, learning content, and to reconsider and evaluate its role and influence in the history, to analyze the China Russia diplomatic relations and cultural diplomacy of the late Qing Dynasty, and the great influence for Russian Education in late Qing Dynasty, and to study the contemporary diplomacy of Sino Russian educational exchanges and cultural enlightenment and reference.The main structure is as follows:The first part is the introduction. This chapter mainly introduces the reasons and the present research situation, explains the research significance, the research ideas and research methods, and related core concepts involved in this paper are defined, and points out the innovation and deficiency of this topic.The second part is the first chapter. This chapter mainly analyzes the historical basis and motivation of studying in Russia in the late Qing Dynasty education, and introduces the application of the foreign cultural theory. The emergence and development of the education of studying in Russia was based on the Sino Russian relations formed, and by the direct impact on the cultural diplomacy between the two different understanding and the implementation of specific policies. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations in seventeenth Century, China and Russia showed significant differences in dealing with the relations between the two countries t, especially in the cultural and educational exchange activities. The first half of the eighteenth Century to nineteenth Century, the Russian religious mission carried out foreign cultural and educational exchanges, by sending students, exchanging books and the Qing government's performance was negative and limited. Analysis can be found by means of cultural diplomacy theory, in the diplomatic tradition of both the tow countries and realistic interests, which lead to the emergence of contemporary Sino Russian cultural and educational exchange imbalance. Based on the expansion of tradition and seeking more interests in China, in order to understand China, Russia actively carried out various cultural exchange activities in China, attempting to use cultural diplomacy to achieve goals; due to the conservative diplomacy tradition and prevention of the invasion of Russia, the Qing government took defensive strategy when dealing with the Russian Ministry of foreign affairs. Different understanding and the strategies in the cultural diplomacy of China and Russia caused the education nature, origin and development trend in Russian.The third part is the second chapter. This chapter mainly explains the beginning of studying on Russian education and early development. After the first Opium War, in order to cope with the increasingly serious diplomatic situation and to smoothly handle foreign affairs, the Qing government began to set up foreign language education institution to develop proficiency in foreign language students. In order to take this opportunity Russian got some development, cultivating a group of students to master Russian. Studying in Russia gained the necessary conditions, and was provided with human resources support. As the Qing government began sending all kinds of diplomatic mission to the Western powers, Chinese students need to master Russian and other languages and got the opportunity to go to Russia, taking this opportunity to exercise their language and diplomatic skills."Traveling","Accommodation School","Officials Traveling" and other different types of early Russia movement were born rapidly, having a style of its own characteristics in learning, learning process, learning content, which reflected the particularity of education studying in Russia at the beginning.The fourth part is the third chapter. This chapter mainly elaborates the development condition of the early twentieth Century Russian education's changing into the formal stage, focusing on this period of government, at their own expense to Russia education evolution, study situation, management system establishment and operation etc.. Along with the development trend of Chinese overseas education development and the relations between China and Russia at the end of nineteenth Century to early twentieth Century, studying in Russian has also become formal. Official charges, at their own expense, and other different types of education of studying in Russia gradually rise. The number of students studying in Russia increased rapidly. Chinese students appeared not only in the Russia's St Petersburg and the Far East, Central Asia, but in the Chinese territory which was by then under the control of Russia, which became of the most special scene in Chinese overseas study history. The Qing government put forward more requirements of Formal education of studying in Russia. Therefore, management system of studying in Russia, together with the European education management gradually formed and ultimately independently existed.The fifth part is the fourth chapter. This chapter mainly discusses the ending which includes the meaning of studying in Russia, its characteristic and historical influence in late Qing dynasty. After the late Qing Dynasty was destroyed, the development process for studying in Russia was affected, but because of its own characteristics without interruption, in the early years of the Republic it still continued. Local government took over student management responsibilities, and it ended until the outbreak of the Russian October revolution. Studying in the Soviet Union began to become prosperous afterwards. The features of studying in Russia are deferent from those in other countries in terms of the origins, the students studying abroad policy, professional, academic career, student's employment. The cultivation of students studying in Russia played a prominent role in the Russian diplomatic relations and Chinese domestic political situation. These fully reflected the purpose of the topic, namely studying in Russia in later Qing Dynasty has a decisive influence on Russia China diplomatic relations.The sixth part is a conclusion. This chapter mainly summarizes the studying on the historical experience of studying in Russia, and strives to use the reference to carry out educational and cultural exchanges, promote the continuous development of China Russia relations and friendship between the peoples of both countries, and put forward some personal thoughts and suggestions.